Nutrition Standards and GuidelinesWhy is nutrition important?Diet plays an important role in over 2/3 of deaths in US.When alcohol is included, diet plays a role in almost ¾ of deaths in US.Top Ten Leading Causes of DeathNutrientsNutrients – 6 Classes of nutrientsNutrientsCaloric Values of Energy NutrientsCarbohydrate =Protein =Fat =Example CalculationHamburger has 4g carbohydrate, 3 g of protein and 5g of fat. How many calories does it contain?4g carb X 4 kcals/g = 16 kcals3g protein X 4 kcals/g = 12 kcals5g fat X 9 kcals/g = 45 kcalsTotal = 73 kcalsNutrient DensityNutrient DenseComparison of vitamin and mineral content with number of kcalsNutrient dense foods have few kcals and high amounts of certain nutrientsExample:Empty calorie foods have high calories with limited nutrientsExample:States of Nutritional HealthDesirable Nutritional HealthIntake meets body’s needsMaintain body weightIdeally you want to consume as much as you spend (burn each day)UndernutritionIntake is below bodies needsStores are depletedHealth declinesExample:OvernutritionIntake exceeds body's needsLong term riskGuidelines For Planning Healthy Diets:Food LabelsFoods that must be labeled:Food LabelsExempt foods:Foods in small packagesExample: Package of life saversFresh fruits and vegetablesFood from local bakeriesFood LabelFood label must have:Nutrition Facts Panel (nutrition label)Standard serving size (FDA) – similar for similar products (eg. Ice Cream)Number of servings per packageNutrition Facts PanelNutrition Facts Panel – Mandatory infoFat gramsSaturated fatCholesterolSodiumTotal carbohydrateTrans fatDietary fiberSugarsProteinVitamin A & CCalcium & ironNutrition Facts Panel – Voluntary InformationPolyunsaturated fatMonounsaturated fatsPotassiumSoluble fiberNutrition Facts Panel% Daily ValueFat, carbohydrate, protein, cholesterol and saturated fatBased on 2000 kcal dietEnrichmentReplacement of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and iron lost when grains are refinedAmount of vitamins or minerals added must be listed on the food labelsFortificationAddition of one or more vitamins and/or minerals to a food productExample: calcium to orange juiceCommon Allergic IngredientsThe Food Allergen and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA)Requires food manufacturers to identify, in plain, common language, the presence of any of the eight major food allergens (milk, egg, peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, wheat and soy)OrganicNo synthetic fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides used in last 2-3 years100% organic =Organic =Made with organic ingredients =IrradiationFood exposed to gamma rays (radiation)Irradiation – Why?Problems in food supply:Irradiation – BenefitsIrradiation – FearsFoods Approved for IrradiationIrradiation & Food LabelsFoods treated with irradiation will have one of the following:“treated with irradiation”“treated with radiation”Symbol – RaduraHealth ClaimsNo health claims for foods high in fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium.Example: Whole milk vs Fat Free milkNutrition Terms – ExamplesFat Free = <0.5g fat per servingHigh = 20% of the daily value for a particular nutrientLow fat = 3 g or less of fat per servingNutrition Standards and GuidelinesNutrition Standards and GuidelinesWhy is nutrition important?Why is nutrition important?Diet plays an important role in over 2/3 of deaths in US.Diet plays an important role in over 2/3 of deaths in US.When alcohol is included, diet plays a role in almost ¾ of deaths in US.When alcohol is included, diet plays a role in almost ¾ of deaths in US.Top Ten Leading Causes of DeathTop Ten Leading Causes of DeathNutrientsNutrientsNutrients – 6 Classes of nutrientsNutrients – 6 Classes of nutrientsNutrientsNutrientsCaloric Values of Energy NutrientsCaloric Values of Energy NutrientsCarbohydrate = Carbohydrate = Protein = Protein = Fat = Fat = Example Calculation Example Calculation Hamburger has 4g carbohydrate, 3 g of protein and 5g of fat. How many Hamburger has 4g carbohydrate, 3 g of protein and 5g of fat. How many calories does it contain?calories does it contain?4g carb X 4 kcals/g = 16 kcals4g carb X 4 kcals/g = 16 kcals3g protein X 4 kcals/g = 12 kcals3g protein X 4 kcals/g = 12 kcals5g fat X 9 kcals/g = 45 kcals5g fat X 9 kcals/g = 45 kcalsTotal = 73 kcalsTotal = 73 kcalsNutrient DensityNutrient DensityNutrient DenseNutrient DenseComparison of vitamin and mineral content with number of kcalsComparison of vitamin and mineral content with number of kcalsNutrient dense foods have few kcals and high amounts of certain nutrientsNutrient dense foods have few kcals and high amounts of certain nutrientsExample: Example: Empty calorie foods have high calories with limited nutrientsEmpty calorie foods have high calories with limited nutrientsExample: Example: Energy Density:Low and very low energy density foods:Medium and high energy density foods:States of Nutritional HealthStates of Nutritional HealthDesirable Nutritional HealthDesirable Nutritional HealthIntake meets body’s needsIntake meets body’s needsMaintain body weightMaintain body weightIdeally you want to consume as much as you spend (burn each day)Ideally you want to consume as much as you spend (burn each day)UndernutritionUndernutritionIntake is below bodies needsIntake is below bodies needsStores are depletedStores are depletedHealth declinesHealth declinesExample: Example: OvernutritionOvernutritionIntake exceeds body's needsIntake exceeds body's needsLong term riskLong term riskGuidelines For Planning Healthy Diets:Guidelines For Planning Healthy Diets:Choose My Plate – 2011www.choosemyplate.govFood LabelsFood LabelsFoods that must be labeled:Foods that must be labeled:Food LabelsFood LabelsExempt foods:Exempt foods:Foods in small packagesFoods in small packagesExample: Package of life saversExample: Package of life saversFresh fruits and vegetablesFresh fruits and vegetablesFood from local bakeriesFood from local bakeriesFood LabelFood LabelFood label must have:Food label must have:Nutrition Facts Panel (nutrition label)Nutrition Facts Panel (nutrition label)Standard serving size (FDA) – similar for similar products (eg. Ice Cream)Standard serving size (FDA) – similar for similar products (eg. Ice Cream)Number of servings per packageNumber of servings per
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