CHEM 1120 1nd Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last LectureI. 5 d-orbitals-Octahedralsa. Magnitude of d-orbital splittingb. Spectrochemical seriesc. Crystal-Field theoryd. MagnetismII. D-orbitals in tetrahedral fieldsIII. D-orbital electronic configurations give rise to colorOutline of Current Lecture I. ColorII. Begin Chapter 19-Chemical Thermodynamicsa. EntropyIII. Spontaneity and ReversibilityCurrent LectureI. Colora. Absorb in range of one wavelength (color) you see complementary colorb. Energy = hc/wavelengthc. Ligands change Δ and thus colord. In colorless solutions, d orbital completely filledII. Begin Chapter 19-Chemical Thermodynamicsa. Will the reaction yield a significant quantity of products? Chap 15b. Will the reaction proceed at a reasonable rate? Chap 14c. What is entropy?i. 1st law of thermodynamics focuses on energyii. 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics focus on entropy III. Spontaneity and Reversibility a. Is it more natural to break an egg or put an egg back together? Break an eggi. Why? Entropy, situations favor disorganization b. Spontaneous process: a chemical or physical change that is thermodynamically favored by nature ex-downhill: spontaneous, uphill: nonspontaneousi. If neither equations are spontaneous, you are in equilibrium ii. Does not have to proceed at an observable rate, doesn’t have to be fastiii. Spontaneity: thermodynamics, reaction rate: chemical kineticsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Can be temperature dependent (i.e.-melting and freezing ice)c. Reversibility: a process that can be reversed by an infinitesimal change in a variable i. Reversing the process returns both the system and the surroundings to their original
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