Exam 2 Notes Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom Agenda Woodrow Wilson Born in the pre civil war South Studied Law at Johns Hopkins Only president with a PHD Later became president of Princeton university Became Governor of New Jersey Presbyterian Church Very moralistic Practical Idealistic not pragmatic Man of progressive era Using reason economic wealth and knowledge to progress Election of 1912 Democratic Wilson Progressive T Roosevelt Republican Taft Wilson and the Democrats won Wilson had a reformist platform Republican party split o Socialism emerged Socialist s got no electoral votes but spread the ideas of socialism Socialist s leaned toward Democratic beliefs New Freedom Campaign Wilson s campaign Trying to restore equality of opportunity and democracy Believer that we could achieve world peace Followed tradition of Roosevelt The US will do well by doing good Edward M House aka Colonel House Wilson s chief advisor on European politics and diplomacy during World War I and at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 William Jennings Bryan Wilson s Secretary of State Moralistic and Christian mission of the world mentality Wilson and Bryan o Thought the US treated Columbia badly too aggressive when the US acquired the Panama Canal Wilson and Bryan felt the need to apologize to Columbia o Tried to stop world war one Cooling Off Treaties Both sides demobilize and the US would monitor Helped addressed the causes of WWI Pan American Pact Expanded trade and put international control over weapons trade Looked as American dominance policy by other European countries Wilsonian Internationalism Wilson was head of League of Nations Spheres of Influence Japan aligned with Britain China trying to resist Japan Britain is ally with US So can the US intervene to help China Conflicts of interest Mexican Revolution Government in Mexico collapsed and a 6 year civil war followed Diaz leader in Mexico invited many foreign investors These investors bought up land and goods in Mexico Mexican s unhappy and overthrow Diaz o Madero takes charge after Diaz His economic policies threatened US and other foreign investors The US ambassador opposed Madero Madero is murdered and overthrown o Huerta takes charge after Madero The US refused to recognize the Huerta Regime in hope of a new leader coming to power This doesn t happen Huerta becomes a dictator o Tampico Affair Police in Tampico arrest US sailors This is looked at as an illegal arrest American intervention Ultimately accomplished nothing o Wilson gave up and accepted Carranza as the govt U Boats German U boats attack US ships Germany feared US assistance to Britain British set up a blockade preventing Germany from trade and access to goods didn t work German s blockaded ports and Americans didn t respect their blockades This led to US ships being sunk Francisco Pancho Villa Led Mexicans into America and attacked They were defeated and pushed back into Mexico John J Pershing Led Americans in Mexico on a man hunt for Francisco Pancho Villa because they were mad about his invasion They did not find him because he was in Texas While looking for Villa s army the American army ran into the Mexican govt army They got into clashes and tensions heated up Wilson begins to mobilize troops This is the first time since the civil war Women s Peace Party Persuaded people that this is not worth a war Wilson withdrew forces in Mexico Idea for peace spread Germany wasn t winning the war with the British so they decide they need a stronger blockade in Britain Submarine Warfare Germany s blockade was indented to sink all British ships Cars opposed to horses US utilized new technological warfare The US was the only mechanized army in WWII The US is not necessarily the biggest or the best trained but they usually are the best equipped Outcomes of Mexican adventure Woodrow is reelected and promises to keep us out of WWI o Francisco Poncho Villa becomes a Mexican hero He is the man who invaded the US and got away with it successfully o Mexico looking for help anywhere they can get it and Germany is a possible contender Wilson and The Great War Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to the throne of Austria He was shot by a Serbian nationalist Serbian nationalists wanted more influence in Austria Austria demands Serbia to get its citizens under control This doesn t happen Austria asks Germany for back up to attack Serbia Serbia was aligned with France and Russia They first attacked France because their army was more mobile and threatening WWI Central Powers Germany Austria Turkey The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria Aligned Powers Russia Serbia France Italy Britain o Trench warfare and Attrition the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure we have to win quickly or we will starve to death War of attrition not war of annihilation Who can last the longest The US is decisive in remaining neutral or intervening If the Britain was going to blockade Germany Germany was going to fight back Germany used U Boats submarines to blockade sink ships and prevent trade starvation o US Citizens killed in the sinking of a British ship called Lusitania Lusitania was a passenger ship using citizens as a shield for transporting military equipment 128 US citizens died Occurred in May o Wilson demanded Germany to limit their submarine warfare and exclusively attack militaries rather than citizen s Germany agreed because they didn t want to go to war with the US o US has the duty to protect civilization BUT why should we send US troops to intervene and potentially die when it isn t our battle National Defense Act Wilson passed provided methods to increasing the regular army by 225 men over the course of 5 years and Increase the national guard o Naval Expansion Act Increase but over the course of 3 years o Some people thought the US was the biggest military power due to this although not true at all William Jennings Bryan Why be so shocked by the drowning of a few people I f there is to be objection to starving a nation There is no moral high ground in war Woodrow Wilson Campaigned on the promise of keeping the US out of war and keeping the US prepared if necessary o Post War League of Nations o Wilson wins beating Republican Hughes o View on war It must be a peace without victory Only a peace between equals can last Peace is the principle of equality and a common participation in a common benefit Aka a Compromise both sides