Lecture 1:Class Outline and Introduction to Cell BiologyEssentialCell BiologyFourth EditionChapter 1BIO 353 Class OrganizationTwo instructors, one TAText: Essential Cell Biology, Alberts et al. 4theditionCommunication: Blackboard and PiazzaFour exams, non comprehensive (100 pts each)TA and Instructors have office hours (see syllabus)Review sessions before each examHonors Students Only:Recitation on selected Tuesdays, 12-1:15 pm.Attendance required! – see syllabus• The Cell Theory proposed by Schleiden(1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839) is a cornerstone of cell biology• All organisms consist of one or more cells• The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms• Cells arise only by division of previously existing cell• All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cellsEarly studies of cellsMatthias SchleidenTheodor Schwann1. Light microscopy (1650 onward): study of cellular structure and organization2. Cell physiology (1850 onward): dynamics of living cells and isolated organelles 3. Electron microscopy (1935 onward): High resolution study of cell structure.4. Biochemistry (1910 onward): study of chemical reactions of biomolecules (enzyme-catalyzed reactions, metabolic pathways) 5. Molecular biology (1975 onward): study of interactions and regulation between cellular systems involving DNA, RNA and protein synthesisCell biology weaves five disciplines together:Cell Biology recognized as a interdisciplinary field in the 1950s. Today the field is represent by numerous professional JournalsThe Plasma Membrane1. Transport Of Ions And Nutrients2. Cell Signaling3. Cell-cell Interactions4. Endocytosis And ExocytosisThe Cell CytoskeletonIntermediate FilamentsMicrofilaments MicrotubulesTypical Cellular OrganellesThe Nucleus And Its Pores Seen In EMmicrotubules chromosomes overlayDividing NucleusCourtesy of Dr. Roberson01_18_folds mito.jpgElectron Transport And ATP Synthesis In TheMitochondrial Inner MembraneLysosomesAre stainedGreen hereBy a FluorescentDye thatIs attractedTo the acidicInterior ofThe lysosomeThe Endoplasmic ReticulumProtein Synthesis And DeliveryDNA sequence IN NUCLEUS TRANSCRIBED INTO messenger RNAmRNA MOVES TO CYTOPLASM AND DIRECTS PROTEINSYNTHESIS - they move to the mitochondria, chloroplasts, the nucleusPROTEIN SYNTHESIS AT ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMputs proteins into a series of membrane Enclosed organelles; transfer between organelles is by transport vesiclesPROTEINS ARE GLYCOSYLATED at the Golgi Apparatusthen sorted to a correct destination - plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, lysosomesSECRETORY PROTEINS exported by exocytosisThe trans side of the golgi is a sortingStation that packages proteins into vesicleAnd sends them to a variety of destinationsIncluding secretory vesicles, the plasma Membrane and lysosomes.The Golgi ApparatusThe trans side of the golgi is a sortingStation that packages proteins into vesicleAnd sends them to a variety of destinationsIncluding secretory vesicles, the plasma Membrane and lysosomes.The acid environmentOf the lysosome (andOf endosome thatPrecedes it in the path-Way) is created by an atpDriven pump locatedIn the membrane.The hydrolases insideThe lysosome workbest at acid pH. ThereAre about a dozen ofThem that help digestAll major types ofMacromolecules.SmoothEndoplasmic Reticulum –Different Functions inDifferent Cells.1. Storage ofCalcium toRegulate cellActivities2. DetoxificationOf drugs andPoisons3. Synthesis ofSteroidsPeroxisomes carry out oxidative reactions to detoxify drugs and poisons by making them more water soluble . In plants they metabolize fats and sugars especially in