October 29, 2007http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Images/MSH04/framework.htmlOctober 29, 2007http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Images/MSH04/framework.htmlTaken from: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters by: Benjamin WisnerTaken from: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters by: Benjamin WisnerTaken from: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters by: Benjamin WisnerHurricanesGE 4150- Natural HazardsHurricanes• Prior to a hurricane developing we need:– Seawater at least 27C in the upper 60 m of the ocean – Air must be unstable, warm, and humid– Upper-level winds should be weak and blowing in the same direction of the developing storm– Must be a Coriolis effect to spin the system– http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1849654454657695020&q=anatomy+of+a+hurricane&total=21&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=3RANKING HURRICANE YEAR CATEGORY DAMAGE* (U.S.)1. KATRINA (LA/MS/AL) 2005 3 $80.0 billion2. ANDREW (SE FL/SE LA) 1992 5 $26.5 billion3. CHARLEY (SW FL) 2004 4 $15.0 billion4. IVAN (AL/NW FL) 2004 3 $14.2 billion5.FRANCES(FL)20042$8.9 billion10 Costliest Hurricanes in the U.S.5.FRANCES(FL)20042$8.9 billion6. HUGO (SC) 1989 4 $7.0 billion7. JEANNE (FL) 2004 3 $6.9 billion8. ALLISON (N TX) 2001 TS $5.0 billion9. FLOYD (NE US) 1999 4 $4.5 billion10. ISABEL (NC/VA) 2003 2 $3.4 billionHurricane Isabel• Costliest disaster in Virginia•Formed on Sept. 6, •Formed on Sept. 6, 2003. Peak winds 105 mph. Winds weakened to 105 mph.Hurricane Isabel• 1.8 million without power• James River in Richmond peaked at 9 feet• 1.5 billion in damages•36 deaths (10 direct, 26 indirect)•36 deaths (10 direct, 26 indirect)• 1,186 homes and 77 businesses destroyed• 660,000 dump trucks of material removed• 2,311 broken utility poles• U.S. Navy ordered more than 40 destroyers and other ships out to seaRichmond• Wind gusts reached 73 mph at Richmond Airport• Many deaths due to flooding and falling trees• 365,000 without power• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jma6QR5gWEoAftermath• 18 counties and 14 cities were declared disaster areas• FEMA distributed more than 6.3 million lbs of ice, 1.4 million gal of waterice, 1.4 million gal of water• 12,000 inspections for damage• More than 3,000 small business loans totaling $74 million• Government provided %105 million for debris removal, emergency services, and workRichmondGaston• Tropical storm, later reclassified as Category 1 hurricane• Flooded downtown Richmond•14 inches of rain in less than 24 hours•14 inches of rain in less than 24 hours• James River 10 feet above flood stage• Repairing roads and bridges would cost $10-20 million• 2000 cars and trucks towed away from disaster area•