Experiment 5 Physical Skeleton The Axial Skeleton As you have learned the bones of the body are separated into the axial and appendicular skeleton based on their location The axial skeleton is divided into three regions the skull the vertebral column and the thoracic cage In this exercise we will look at the bones that comprise each of these three regions along with their functionality Materials Skeleton Model Post Lab Questions 1 What are the three components of the axial skeleton Describe the function of each Skull is to protect the brain nerves and other vessels Vertebral column is to protect the spinal column and position the head and the thoracic cage is to help make breathing possible and to protect the lungs underneath it 2 On the skull below fill in the blanks with the correct bone names A Ethmoid Bone B Zygomatic Bone C Mandible D Frontal E Sphenoid F Vomer 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Bone Temporal Bones Mandible Vomer Zygomatic Bones Facial or Cranial Location Side of the cranium Facial bone that makes the jaw Facial bone in the nose Facial bone on the side of the eyes Parietal Bones Cranial bone on the sides of the skull Ethmoid Bone Facial bone in the eye socket down the nasal cavity Sphenoid Bone Facial bone that makes the great wing Lacrimal Bones Facial bone on the side of the nose For the following bones state whether they are cranial or facial bones and give their location What are the three regions of the vertebral column Describe the general shape and size of the vertebrae in each region The three regions of the vertebral column are the cervical thoracic and lumbar The cervical region is small oval and curved The thoracic region is bigger than the cervical flat faces and heart shaped Lumbar is smallest in size flat faces and oval What are the atlas and axis What are their functions The axis is the second of seven bones in the cervical section in the neck The axis also known as the C2 bone creates a pivot that allows the C1 or atlas to rotate This gives the head and neck a greater range of motion from side to side 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved On the vertebra below fill in the blanks with the correct vertebral structure A Lamina B Body C Spinous Process D Transverse Process E Spinal Canal vertebrae foramen What is the purpose of the thoracic cage The purpose is to protect the heart and lungs and to help with breathing Describe the three components of the sternum The three components of the sternum are the manubrium the body and the xiphoid process The clavicle and first rib attach to the manubrium The body of the sternum forms the center of the chest and the xiphoid process is an important landmark in the trunk 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Describe the difference between true ribs false ribs and floating ribs The true ribs attach to the sternum by costal cartilages The false ribs attach to rib 7 and not into the sternum The floating ribs have no attachment to the sternum 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved
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