Experiment 1 Microscopic Slide Examination of Tissue As you have learned there are four tissues within the human body epithelial tissue connective tissue nervous tissue and muscular tissue Each tissue type has unique functions based upon its unique structural makeup In this lab you will examine a variety of prepared tissue slides Pay close attention to the similarities and differences that you observe within the different types of tissue Materials Simple Squamous Epithelial Digital Slide Areolar Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Reticular Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Image Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Digital Slide Dense Regular Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Simple Columnar Epithelial Digital Slide Image Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Image Stratified Squamous Epithelial NonHyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue Digital Keratinized Slide Image Digital Slide Image Stratified Squamous Epithelial Digital Slide Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Image Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial Digital Slide Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Image Stratified Columnar Epithelial Digital Slide Cardiac Muscle Digital Slide Image Skeletal Muscle Digital Slide Image Image Smooth Muscle Digital Slide Image Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Nervous Tissue Digital Slide Image Epithelial Digital Slide Image Transitional Epithelial Digital Slide Image Adipose Connective Tissue Digital Slide Image Procedure Epithelial Tissue 1 Observe each epithelial tissue image carefully For each slide note the size and shape of the cytoplasm the presence or absence of cilia goblet cells and microvilli 2 Refer to the Introduction for information to identify the epithelial tissues shown at the end of the procedure 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Simple Squamous Epithelium 100X Simple squamous epithelium is constructed of a single layer of flat cells to enable diffusion and filtration of biomolecules e g gas exchange within the lung However the thin structure results in decreased protection Each cell has a disc shaped nuclei Simple Squamous Epithelium 1000X Observe the disc shaped nuclei 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 100X Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of cubeshaped cells attached to the basement membrane The layer can support absorption and secretion Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue can be found in the kidney where filtration and absorption are particularly important for urine production Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1000X The cells have ovular nuclei with an observable nucleolus visible as a dark dot within the nuclei Microvilli which increase surface area can be found on the apical surface of the cell and form a brush border 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Simple Columnar Epithelium 100X Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue is often found in the digestive tract and functions in absorption and secretion This layer can also be found in the kidney where filtration and absorption are particularly important for urine production Simple Columnar Epithelium 1000X Simple columnar epithelium consists of one layer of long or column shaped cells attached to the basement membrane The apical surface of the membrane includes microvilli and cilia forming a brush 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved border Each cell incorporates a nuclei which is typically round and located near the basal surface of the cell Mucous secreting goblet cells not observable in this image are also found with the simple columnar epithelial cells A lamina propria is located beneath the basement membrane and contains capillaries macrophages and plasma cells to help keep the region nourished and healthy from infection Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells Non Keratinized 100X This region is comprised of multiple layers of cells which vary in shape However the cells tend to become more and more squamous as they approach the surface of the epithelia visible in the image above They are primarily used for protection and tend to line moist cavities such as the oral cavity or the vagina 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells 100X This type of epithelial tissue is located on the outside of the body and is also used for protection There is an exposed layer of dead cells which are shed off and an internal layer of living epithelial cells connected to the basement membrane Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells 1000X These are found in different shapes such as squamous and columnar and sizes and include keratin making them impenetrable to water and some biomolecules 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial Cells 100X Stratified cuboidal epithelial cells are comprised of multiple layers of cube shaped cells These cells are often found surrounding apocrine and endocrine glands such as mammary glands or sweat glands Stratified Columnar Epithelial Cells 100X Stratified columnar epithelial cells function in secretion and or absorption and are found in areas such as the eye uterus and the urethra 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Stratified Columnar Epithelial Cells 1000X This tissue is comprised of multiple layers of column shaped cells Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial 100X This layer consists of a single layer of cells which vary by size and shape Thus it often appears to be layered because the visible nuclei appear higher and lower depending on the size of the cell Again these cells are attached to the basement membrane This layer also contains goblet cells and cilia along the apical surface of the cells 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial 1000X Transitional Epithelial Cells 100X The cells in this type of epithelial tissue vary by size and shape depending on the condition of the organ in which they are located For example epithelial cells in the bladder are dome shaped when the bladder is empty but can stretch to become squamous shaped when the bladder fills 2013 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Transitional Epithelial Cells 1000X Connective Tissue 3 Observe each connective tissue image noting their similarities and differences Pay close attention to matrix of the cell specifically how closely packed or sparse the matrix is While observing the tissue images also keep an eye out for a mast cell dark granule within the cytoplasm 4 Refer to the Introduction for information to identify