PowerPoint NotesLecture 1.1: MasterFormat Divisions 00 & 01, Industry Standards- Systems, Methods, & the Futureo Selection of methods and systems governed by Functional requirements Cost  Appearance Materials, products, and systems availableo Considerations Climate, topography, initial costs, building codes, zoning ordinances, otherregulations, availability of materials and labor, builder capacity, owner preference, local custom- The Marriott Hotel Construction Projecto Project Finished early Prefabricated restrooms off site because they were all similar Something similar to the restrooms last semester in north side apartments- Industry Standardso Many diverse interest groups establish standards Material Product Design Workmanship Test Methodo Objectives are Establish levels of quality use Standardize and simplifyo Nonprofit groups, or organizations, etc.  ISO AISC AWI ACI ASTMo Trade Associations – Common interest that people join  ABC NAHB ASA AGCLecture 1.2: Zoning Codes- Zoning codes establish requirements for land useo Developed, interpreted, enacted, and enforced by local jurisdictionso Early codes in late 1800’s dealt primarily with fire safety Equitable building prompted zoning that regulated height, mass, and setback o New York building problem – too tall and so big that it cast a shadow that affectedsurroundings with like shadow- Think about zoning codes this wayo What’s the worst thing you can imagine being built next to an elementary school?- International Code Council (ICC)o Template that a community can adopt to help with codeso Table of Content Agriculture- A-1: this rule- A-2: this rule Residential- R-1: this rule Commercial, etc. Lecture 1.3: Building Codes- Effect of building codes on designo Limit construction type and size for building useo Control materials and methodso Fire ratings- Common building groups areo Group A: assembly occupancieso Group B: business occupancies- Common building types areo Types I and II, A&B Noncombustibleo Type III, A&B Noncombustible exterior walls Combustible interior elementso Type IV Noncombustible exterior walls Heavy timber interior elementso Type V, A&B Any construction type permitted by code Combustible- Building Code Enforcemento Descriptive or performance orientedo International Code Council (ICC) International Building Code (IBC) International Residential Code (IRC)o Uniform Plumbing Codeo Uniform Mechanical Codeo National Electrical CodeLecture 1.4: Sustainable Building Design- Need for Sustainable Designo In the US, the built environment accounts for 39% of all energy use 40% of raw materials used 39% of carbon emissions 70% of electricity consumption 30% of waste output 12% of portable water consumption- Building Life Cycleo Begin with extracting raw materials and ends when removed and disposed of- Green Building & LEEDo Relationship between building and environmento The Sustainable Sites (SS) category rewards decisions about the environment surrounding the building, with credits that emphasize the vital relationships among buildings, ecosystems, and ecosystem servicesLecture 20.1: MasterFormat Division 31, Soil Classifications- Earthwork o Includes below-grade aspects of site construction Demolition Site clearing Grading Excavating and backfilling Surface and groundwater control (dewatering) Erosion control- Sustainability Considerationso Sitework can be destructive to the environment Codes and ordinances mandate measureso On-site storm/waste watero Endangered specieso LEED sustainable sites- Older versions of CSI MasterFormat had Soil Classification sections under Division 02- Soil Classification & Propertieso Internal friction Resistance of tendency of grains to slide over one anothero Cohesion The binding force that holds grains togethero Density (cohesion-less soils) Very loose, loose, medium, dense, and very denseo Consistency (cohesive soils) Very soft, soft, medium, stiff, very stiff, hardo Plasticity Mainly clay materials at certain water content Plasticity Index (PI)- Problem Soilso Problem soils are everything else – highly expansive clays, highly plastic soils, sands and silts that are loose, loess or organic soils that are not well drainedo Why take samples and perform tests? To determine a soil’s bearing capacity- Foundation design- Settlement- Non-problem and problem soilso Soil density tests can be tested in the field or at the labLecture 20.2: Site Clearing, Excavation, and Underpinning- Site Clearingo Preparing the site by removing items that will not be part of new work Remove trees, brush, vegetation (referred to as “clear and grub”)o Preparing the site by removing items that will not be a part of new work Topsoil strippingo Preparing the site by removing items that will not be a part of new work Removing above and below grade improvements (demolition)- Excavatingo Removal of materials down the level required by the contract documents Locate and mark utilities Stockpile materials for fill and backfill Measured in cubic yards Classified as open excavations, trenches, or pits- Underpinningo Supporting existing foundations during adjacent excavation with new footings, pilings, or caissons- Excavation Support Systemso Except for shallow trenches and pits, the sidewalls of excavations need to be stabilized or supported until permanent construction is in place Slope/bench, or step Steel sheet piles Steel soldier piles and wood lagging Supported by shoring, bracing, tiebacks, rakers, wales- Site Clearing & Underpinning Specifications Exercise o Excavation support & protectionLecture 20.3: Fill & Backfill, Grading, Compacting- Typical Equipmento Excavation and fillo Backfill after building completeo Grading (cut and fill)- Fillo Compacted fill – brought in to level terrain or build up elevation Can be “engineered fill” – soil fill material per engineers design- Backfillo Replacing excavated soil around new constructiono Drainage- Compactiono Placed in liftso Optimum moisture content is critical to reach maximum densityo Soil types vary procedures- Gradingo Rough and final elevations are established by grading Tolerances of +/- .10 ft. lawns Tolerance of +/- ½” under slabs and pavement- Effects of watero Groundwater and dewateringo Permanent draining- Erosion Controlo Silt