EXAM 7 DIGESTION1. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called: DIGESTION2. When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called: CHEMICAL DIGESTION3. Which of the following is not true of saliva? Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins4. In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach: Initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins5. Chyme is created in the: STOMACH6. Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? PARIETAL CELLS7. Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecytoskinin, and somatostatin are hormones that are released directly into the lumen and blood. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS8. There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs:Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought9. Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the:Chief cells of the stomach10. Parietal cells of the stomach produce:HYDROCHLORIC ACID11. Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion?JEJUNUM12. The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the small intestine is known as the:ILEUM13. As food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice, it is converted into a creamy paste called:CHIME14. A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is:BILE15. Nervous control of digestion involves:- The myenteric plexus- The ENS- The submucosal plexus16. Specific digested foods are able to pass through the cells of the digestive tract and into the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. Accordingly, which of the following molecules are absorbed?Monosaccharides, disaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, glycerides, and dipeptides.17. The junction between the distal esophagus and the stomach is the:CARDIAC SPHINCTER18. The digestive tract has its own neural supply. This is known as the:ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM19. HCl acid secretion can begin as early as:When food is thought about20. H ion secretion from epithelial cells in the stomach comes from:A combined reaction between H2O and CO221. Which phrase does not belong with the rest?PARIETAL CELL22. The stomach is thought to serve as:- Reservoir of acidic environment- Storage facility- Site for protein digestion23. The myenteric plexus controls:NONE OF THE ABOVE24. Cholecystokinin (CCK) release will lead to:- Increased protein digestion- Glands along the intestinal tract- Pancreatic solution release25. An absence of the intestinal phase could result in:HCl release by the stomach26. An absence of carbonic anhydrase will result inPoor secretion of HCl into the stomach lumen27. The following are accessory organs assisting in digestive physiology:-Pancreas-Gall Bladder-Liver28. The liver and gall bladder produce and store:- Material aiding in the digestion of fats- Emulsification agents- Bile29. The primary site of digestion is the:NONE OF THE ABOVE30. A reversal in the alkaline tide would lead to:A decreased rate of protein digestion in the stomach31. Without bile, fats and lipids can still be digestedTRUE32. The absence of lactase will lead to accumulation of lactose in the lumen of the jejunum creating osmotic imbalance:TRUE33. The intestinal phase is important because it allows for control of secreted substance into the duodenumTRUE34. Serotonin is responsible for contraction of the stomach:TRUE35. Protein digestion begins initially in the stomachTRUE36. Distention of the stomach will allow for HCl production and subsequent pepsinogen conversion to pepsinTRUE37. The major structural modification in the small intestine allows for increase pancreatic solution flowFALSE38. The absence of sucrose will have an effect on digestion/absorption of lactoseFALSE39. The gastric phase of digestion allows for increased absorption at the jejunumFALSE40. Chief cells, within the small intestine, allow for pepsinogen