CMN 232 Midterm Review 1 The midterm exam will allow you to demonstrate that you can think about the big picture of intercultural communication across the different approaches but also to understand how each of the approaches works Because each author represents a somewhat different perspective you will need to know the contributions models each proposes and how they relate to each other Even if you don t agree with the model you must be able to articulate it show it as a machine how it works what it lets you explain and what it doesn t let you explain You may bring one page two sides of handwritten notes I will ask you to turn these in with your exam Please note the following If you have written verbatim quotes in your notes I will expect you to answer in your own words to show me that you have understood the author s ideas Direct quotes without your own paraphrase will not be given full credit are the handwritten notes on a whole page of notebook paper YES Front AND back Has more so to do with writing quotes from the text word for word Not too sure she s going to really be that strict on what came from the class study guide Format 50 short answer 50 essay Authors we have read and or discussed Martin and Nakayama Six imperatives of studying intercultural com Self awareness Must be aware of your own culture before you can look inside another Economic Globalization Technology Increase in being able to interact with different people which can lead to an increase in identity crisis Peace Aware of colonization and different race ethnicities and religions Ethical Relativity vs Universality demographic Increasing diversity 3 ways to define culture Social science Learned shared Patterns of perception Culture influences communication Interpretive Learned shared Symbolic meaning Emotion Culture influences com and com reinforces culture Contextual symbiotic Critical Heterogenous Dynamic Contested meaning Communication reshapes culture Piller Most people see culture as identity or ethnicity but we should complicate that Having a culture not just being a part of one but it can be self defined Culture as imagined communities When asked students to define culture assumed race ethnicity etc Aspect of imagined communities Doesn t have to be a physical group to be culture Complexity Static views of culture stereotypes Many cultures at the same time Clifford Geertz Culture is context public history webs Culture isn t power Culture isn t private it s public Twitch vs wink Twitch involuntary no meaning can be misinterpreted Wink voluntary semiotic intentional meaning depending on context making it a sign Semiotic system of signs signs with a meaning depending on context Thick description Context cultural variance Behavior or action has a purpose meaning to communicate Find meaning through interp of interp Ethnography Hard to make a statement about culture if you aren t part of it Relating culture to humor Have to understand the joke to think it s funny AAA statement on race and culture AAA believes race is a social construct Nothing to do with genetics More diversity in ingroup than outgroup Made up to be able to control people Believe culture is learned and relates to race Important that we distinguish what a race and an ethnicity is before we study it Franz Boas Main concepts First saw culture as Us vs Them They looked at differences between cultures how one group is not like the other but this complicates things because then it was just him viewing their culture through his perspective Culture as a personal experience Most of data for evolutionary theory came from missionaries and early explorers Label data error as ethnocentrism Measures culture position on a scale in terms of the culture of the one doing the measuring Neoboasian Emphasizes describing culture of a specific group of people at particular moment in time Ethnography Business of going and describing the culture of a particular group Descriptive structural linguistics Inside the circle Was for separation of race language culture and race No language or culture is more advanced than the other Language as a tool to learn about culture Boas is for Boas is against cultural and linguistic evolutionism Important to ICC Language is a tool to learn about culture For example we can t rely on an interpreter because then we miss out on important nonverbal communication Horace Miner Nacirema Implicit definition of culture the beliefs and related practices of a group of people that they all find natural but that doesn t necessarily have grounding in the natural world A system so natural that insiders don t see it easily this is from the lecture notes I think Make the exotic familiar and make the familiar exotic Raymonde Carroll Cultural analysis Turtle beneath a turtle There s always layers to peel back Perceiving shocking things as normal Stereotypes Not true but express the culture of the people that believe the stereotype Steps to avoid cultural misunderstandings Do not psychoanalyze a culture Avoid reasons that are demographic ecological and geographical Avoid economic reasoning Avoid religious and historical reasoning Recognize your own judgements Cultural misunderstandings in Carroll s piece Chief says he s going to adopt her daughter Giving cloth to the older women and her angry reaction Carroll main point remembering and experience culture in detail by seeing it in slow motion Imagine context in which this experience is no longer shocking or unpleasant but normal Limitations implicitly defines cultural as nationality missing role of power in icc interactions assumption of role of history making cultural frames seem static which they are not Takeo Doi Key concepts Amae Someone going out of their way to help you Parents cooking and cleaning when you go home for school not because they have to or you are incapable but because they love you Main points Says it s only in japanese culture Used in japanese psychology and cannot be translated into american culture Why is it important It can be seen we just do not have a word for it Example of why translation is hard Example of how cultures relate Importance in ICC Michael Agar Cultural blends Main points Differences in language more than grammar and dictionary 1 Example Du and sie in austria Formal and not formal Missed that he was being flirted with You have culture but you can also encounter culture through language 1 When you deal with them it turns personal Culture starts when you realize