Name: ________________________ FORM: A Pages: 2 of 72BMB200 FS14 Exam2 (100 pts possible)Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide shown?a. (24)b. (14)c. (24)d. (14)e. None of the above. 2. Look at the following two monosaccharides:What statement best describes these two molecules relationship?a. Molecules X and Y are enantiomers.b. Molecules X and Y are structural isomers.c. Molecules X and Y are epimers.d. Molecules X and Y show an anomeric pair.e. Molecule X is a reducing sugar; Molecule Y is a non-reducing sugar. 3. Molecule Y (shown above) is best described as a aldopentose sugar.a. True b. FalseName: ________________________ FORM: A Pages 2 of 72 4. Use this equation to help you answer the following questions ( 4 and 5):G = G’+ (R * T * ln [Prd1]*[Prd2] / [Rct1] *[Rct 2])Predict the resulting G of hydrolysis of creatine phosphate if the concentration of creatine-phosphate increased 10-fold (e.g. from 1 mM to 10 mM) and all other concentrations remained the remain .creatine-phosphate + H2O --> creatine + Pi (phosphate) The G’ for the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate under biological standard conditions is 43 kJ/mol. The G of the new condition would be:a. 43 kJ/mol < G  0 kJ/molb. G = 43 kJ/molc. G > 0 kJ/mold. G < 43 kJ/mol 5. Consider this rxn which has a G’= +0.4 kJ/mol under biological standard conditions.succinate + FAD  fumarate + FADH210 mM of each compound are mixed & the reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium. Which statement is correct about the concentration of FAD at equilibrium at these new conditions (G)?a. [FAD] > [FADH2]b. [FAD] < [FADH2]c. Cannot be determined from the information provided.d. [FAD] = [FADH2] 6. Consider these reactions:ATP  ADP + PiG' = 31 kJ/molglucose-6-phosphate  glucose + PiG' = 13 kJ/molglucose + ATP  glucose-6-phosphate + ADPG' = ?What is the G' of the last reaction?a. 44 kJ/molb. 18 kJ/molc. +18 kJ/mold. +44 kJ/mole. Cannot be determined from the information provided. 7. Which of the following terms describes an enzyme that catalyzes electron transfer reactions between two molecules?a. dehydrogenaseb. isomerasec. kinased. phosphorylasee. lyaseName: ________________________ FORM: A Pages 3 of 73 8. The commitment step in glycolysis:a. occurs in Phase I.b. is the cleavage of a monosaccharide into two trioses.c. cannot be regulated.d. is a chemical reaction with a large, positive G valueShown below is a reaction from glycolysis. Use this reaction to answer the following questions (9-11): 9. Which reaction type best describes this chemical reaction?a. Lyaseb. Oxidation - reductionc. Group transferd. Hydrolysise. Isomerization 10. Which pair of molecules best fit the X and Y pair seen in the reaction diagram? Note: X molecule is listed first, then Y molecule.a. ATP ; ADPb. NAD+ ; NADHc. ATP; H2Od. ADP ; ATPe. NADH ; NAD+ 11. About when in the pathway does this reaction occur?a. It’s likely the first step in the pathway.b. It’s likely not the first step, but somewhere in Phase I.c. It likely occurs in Phase II.d. It likely connects glycolysis to fermentation.e. It’s impossible to tell with only this information. 12. How many different steps involve substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis?a. 7 b. 2 c. 3 d. 1 e. 6 13. The fate of pyruvate produced from the glycolysis pathway depends primarily on the availability ofa. coenzyme A for further metabolism of pyruvate.b. ADP for conversion to ATP.c. molecular oxygen (O2).d. carbon dioxide (CO2) release.e. non-reducing ends present in glycogen.Name: ________________________ FORM: A Pages 4 of 74 14. During anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and fermentation) in yeast, the carbons that started in glucose end up ina. CO2.b. ethanol.c. both CO2 and ethanol.d. lactic acid.e. all of these 15. If an individual lacked the debranching enzyme for glycogen metabolism, the effect would be:a. the individual could not make glycogenb. the individual could make glycogen but not store itc. the individual would not be able to utilize any glucose from glycogend. the individual would not be able to completely break down a glycogen moleculee. none of these 16. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthasea. are not activated simultaneouslyb. are activated simultaneously under special circumstancesc. can be activated simultaneously under any circumstancesd. are involved in catalysis of the same process 17. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis ofa. glucose from non-carbohydrate precursorsb. glycogen from glucosec. pyruvate from glucosed. fatty acids from glucose 18. Gluconeogenesis uses three different by-pass reactions to:a. perform substrate level phosphorylation.b. overcome large negative G steps of glycolysis.c. allow substrate cycling control of the pathway.d. by-pass allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase. 19. The first bypass step in gluconeogenesis contains two reactions: a carboxylation followed by a decarboxylation. This reaction order is important because it demonstrates:a. feedback inhibition.b. activation of a reaction substrate.c. allosteric regulation.d. reduction of a co-factor. 20. The primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway isa. to synthesize NAD+ and pentose phosphates.b. to synthesize NADPH and pentose phosphates.c. toconvert pentose phosphates into NADH.d. to convert pentose phosphates to metabolic intermediates for oxidative phosphorylation. 21. Starting with glucose-6-phosphate, the first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway primarily relies on which type of chemical reactions?a. hydrolysisb. oxidation reductionc. ligased. group transfere. isomerizationName: ________________________ FORM: A Pages 5 of 75 22. Which of these pathways woud you expect to be activated (or increased) due to glucagon signalling?a. Fermentationb. Gluconeogenesisc. Glycolysisd. Glycogen synthesise. C and D above 23. The Cori cycle occurs in the human body duing periods of physical exertion. In the Cori cycle:a. lactic acid is transported from the liver to muscle by the blood.b. glycogen degradation takes place in the muscle and glycolysis in the liver.c. glycolysis takes place in muscle and gluconeogenesis in the liver.d. glycolysis takes place in the