Study Guide Concepts to Know 1 How ions split in water a Know that cations conjugates of weak bases are acidic in water b Know that anions that are conjugates of weak acids are basic in water c Know that conjugates of strong acids and strong bases K Na Cl Br have no acid base properties in water 2 Know how to write or recognize a proper net ionic equation a Know what substances ionize in water and which stay intact i Ex Na and Cl split and are spectator ions ii Ex In HCOOK aq HClO4 aq KClO4 aq HCOOH aq 1 K and ClO4 are spectator ions 3 Know the basic rules of equilibrium a A reaction can t be in equilibrium if all substances are not present even if there is a solid in the reaction it has to be present too b At equilibrium the forward rate of the reaction is equal to the backwards rate of the reaction the reactions don t stop once they reach equilibrium There is just no net shift 4 Know how to read an equilibrium graph a Know how to eyeball whether or not initial concentrations of reactants can produce the equilibrium concentrations that they provide for you on the graph stoichiometry i i e if someone tells you that the reactants are 2x 2Y Z it is not possible for 4M of Z to be produced from 6M of Y b when reactant product concentrations plateau this means that the reaction has reached equilibrium 5 Predicting which way a reaction will run based on K value and initial values a Predicting whether K is large or small based on where strong acids and strong bases are located i If strong acids or strong bases are on the left K will be big ii If strong acids or strong bases are on the right K will be small 6 Know how to find a reaction quotient and know which was the reaction will shift in order for it to reach equilibrium 7 KNOW YOUR STRONG ACIDS AND STRONG BASES a know that strong acids and strong bases completely ionize in water b know that if something is not a strong base it is a weak base and same with acids c know how to decide which is a stronger acid or base from Ka values or from characteristics like number of oxygens in the molecule 8 Know how to find the pH from OH and how to find pOH from H 3O a Also know how to find pH or pOH if all they give you is the concentration of a strong acid or base 9 Know everything there is to know about ICE Tables a Know how to do type 1 2 and 3 problems know which ones need ICE tables and which ones can just use a K equation b Also know how to find the buffer ratio it was in your homework last week HA A 10 Know how to find Ka from Kb or vice versa 11 Know what monoprotic diprotic triprotic and amphoteric mean 12 Know how to identify structures of different molecules such as strong acids strong bases amphoteric substances etc 13 Know the definitions of Bronsted Lowry acids and bases and how to change equations to be Bronsted Lowry compatible a Also know what an Arrhenius acid or base is and a Lewis acid or base
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