Study Guide/Concepts to Know1. How ions split in watera. Know that cations (conjugates of weak bases) are acidic in waterb. Know that anions that are conjugates of weak acids are basic in waterc. Know that conjugates of strong acids and strong bases (K+, Na+, Cl-, Br-) have no acid base properties in water2. Know how to write or recognize a proper net ionic equationa. Know what substances ionize in water and which stay intact i. Ex. (Na+ and Cl- split and are spectator ions)ii. Ex. In HCOOK(aq) + HClO4(aq) → KClO4(aq) + HCOOH(aq)1. K, and ClO4 are spectator ions3. Know the basic rules of equilibriuma. A reaction can’t be in equilibrium if all substances are not present (even if there is a solid in the reaction – it has to be present too!)b. At equilibrium, the forward rate of the reaction is equal to the backwards rate of the reaction – the reactions don’t stop once they reach equilibrium! There is just no net shift4. Know how to read an equilibrium grapha. Know how to eyeball whether or not initial concentrations of reactants can produce the equilibrium concentrations that they provide for you on the graph (***stoichiometry) i. i.e. if someone tells you that the reactants are 2x + 2Y -> Z, it is not possible for .4M of Z to be produced from .6M of Y)b. when reactant/product concentrations plateau, this means that the reaction has reached equilibrium5. Predicting which way a reaction will run based on K value and initial valuesa. Predicting whether K is large or small based on where strong acids and strong bases are locatedi. If strong acids or strong bases are on the left, K will be bigii. If strong acids or strong bases are on the right, K will be small6. Know how to find a reaction quotient and know which was the reaction will shift in order for it to reach equilibrium7. ***KNOW YOUR STRONG ACIDS AND STRONG BASESa. know that strong acids and strong bases completely ionize in water b. know that if something is not a strong base it is a weak base and same with acidsc. know how to decide which is a stronger acid or base (from Ka values or from characteristics like number of oxygens in the molecule)8. Know how to find the pH from [OH-] and how to find pOH from [H3O+]a. Also know how to find pH or pOH if all they give you is the concentration of a strong acid or base9. Know everything there is to know about ICE Tables!!!!!a. Know how to do type 1, 2, and 3 problems – know which ones need ICE tables and which ones can just use a K equationb. Also know how to find the buffer ratio (it was in your homework last week ([HA]/[A-])10. Know how to find Ka from Kb or vice versa11. Know what monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic, and amphoteric mean12. Know how to identify structures of different molecules such as strong acids, strong bases, amphoteric substances, etc.13. Know the definitions of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and how to change equations to be Bronsted-Lowry compatiblea. Also know what an Arrhenius acid or base is and a Lewis acid or
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