Jake has become very anxious ever since he started taking harder classes in his major. The university's counselor diagnosed him with an anxiety disorder. Compare and contrast how the behavioral, humanistic, and cognitive approaches would view the origins and treatment of Jake's anxiety. Then, describe how psychologists view each of the three approaches today.Differing Approaches to Helping Jake's AnxietyIn psychology, there are many different approaches and views and each can look at a diagnosis like depression and come up with slightly different origins and treatments. In the case of Jake and his anxiety disorder, humanistic, behavioral, and cognitive approaches would all analyze it differently to reach their own conclusions about how Jake’s anxiety started and how they would treat it. The humanistic approach is grounded in the idea that people are good and continually aspire to better themselves. Humanistic psychologists reject psychoanalysis and instead try to understand the world of their client through empathy and try to understand their emotions and thoughts. Because of this, a humanistic psychologist would look at Jake’s situation and try to understand why he is feeling so anxious about his course load. They would put themselves in his shoes to better understand his situation. They would then hope that by sharing his feelings and realizing that someone empathizes with him Jake can self-realize that he has what it takes to tackle his difficult class schedule. Another view, behaviorism, would look at the situation differently in that it does not rely on introspection quite as much as a humanistic approach would. Behaviorists believe that the environment that surrounds a client has an effect on the client that can help explain their diagnosis. In Jake’s situation a behavioral therapist would look at Jake’s surroundings and determine if there needs to be any changes. They would most likely suggest finding tutors, or forming study groups so that Jake can feel like he has a better understanding of the information he’s receiving in his harder classes, which would diminish the amount of stress that Jake feels about his courses.In yet another approach, cognitive psychologists would not look too deeply into the environment of their client rather they would look at what is happening inside their client’s mind. They take an interest in the self-talk that people partake in daily. With Jake’s anxiety, they would probably ask him what he expects from himself in his courses and if he tells himself he can fulfill those expectations or not. If Jake’s self-talk is negative, the therapist will try to change this mental conversation he’s having to one that has a more positive spin. In this way Jake will feel more confident in his studies and therefore less anxious. Even though all of these approaches are psychology, they all have different ways of approaching the same issue, and unique ways to helping Jake manage his anxiety. By looking at his feelings and thoughts humanistic psychologists use empathy to encourage Jake to self assess his situation and better manage his stress. Behaviorists on the other hand would examine Jake’s environment and possibly encourage him to seek out help for his difficult classes like tutors or study groups. Lastly, a cognitive psychologist would beinterested in how Jake’s mental talk is affecting his emotions and then help turn that self-talk to have a positive tone which would increase Jake’s confidence in himself. In this way, three different approaches find their own way to help Jake’s anxiety, and all of them are effective.Imagine you have been asked to create an experimental design to test the hypothesis that talking on a cell phone impairs driving skills. Explain why a control condition would be important to include in testing this hypothesis. How should subjects be assigned to conditions? How can the researchers design the experiment so that the only difference between both conditions is the use of a cell phone?Conditions of an ExperimentIf one wants to design an experiment to test whether or not one’s driving abilities becomeimpaired while talking on the phone one would have to first consider the necessary components of a psychology experiment. The two most important parts of an experiment are that there is random assignment of participants among the control and experimental groups and that there is manipulation of an independent variable. The control group is thegroup of participants that are not subjected to the manipulation so in this case they will not talk on the phone, while the experimental group receives the manipulation. The difference in the results of these two groups helps to determine if the variable actually changes anything or not. For this particular experiment to ensure that the only variable affecting one’s driving skills is whether or not the driver is talking on the phone, there needs to be some control conditions set in place. First all of the participants would need to be randomly assigned into the two groups, control and experimental. Then all of the participants would drive onthe same course for the same amount of time. The cars would have to be the same so there could be no car malfunction or differences and there could be no other distractions like the radio or other passengers. Also, “driving skills” would have to be defined. For example it could be defined by how accurately the driver can maneuver through a drivingcourse. By conducting the experiment in a closed off course, one also ensures that there are no other distractions like traffic or other drivers that could affect the driving of the participants. Another way to determine how much cell phone use effects one’s driving skills is to have the participants go through twice; once talking on a cell phone and once without. However the changes between the two could also be caused by the participants getting used to driving on the course or just having more practice making tight turns and maneuvering the vehicle through the different tasks. Your best friends invite you over for pizza and a friendly game of cards. Describe how the following parts of the brain are involved during your evening of eating pizza, socializing, and playing cards: Broca’s area, hippocampus, hypothalamus, andoccipital lobe.Our very complicated brains have many different parts to it, and in our everyday lives, weuse every part of it. For example in a fun night with