GEOG 1710 1 20 Science a sense making system Disconfirmation o A disconfirmatory way to make sense of the world Earth o Land Air Water o Context o The World the third planet from the sun which is the center of our solar system Geography o Field of study dedicated to stuff on earth o Location a position in space o Place characteristics of a location Living and nonliving characteristics Science context o Antidote for common sense o Best current answer o Science is mistaken for the truth it is just our current best answer Earth context o Life Geography context o Understanding processes of place o the why of the where o disclosive perspective Location context o latitude longitude Test Yourself o geography is the study of maps false o lines of latitude parallel the equator true o science determines truth false o a map is a 2d depiction of an area true o Which of the following is a position in space Location 1 22 Location A position in physical space Lines of latitude parallels Run east and west parallel to the equator Lines of longitude Meridians Run north south converge at poles 0 degree longitude is the prime meridian runs through greenwitch England anti meridian 180 degrees east or west from the prime meridian 1 25 GIS Types of Maps Maps 2D representation of an area Geographic information system GIS Computer system that captures stores analyzes and displays geographic data A powerful geographic approach Makes map making more productive and easier You can layer types of maps on top of each other Topographic Maps Relief and contour maps Large scale details of relief using contour lines Relief the change in elevation over distance High relief sharp change in elevation in short distance Low relief gradual change in elevation in long distance The closer the lines the quicker the elevation changes Choropleth Map Indicate quantitative date for a variable by using changes in color Context Isopleth Maps Communicate quantitative data using isolines Isolines lines that connects points of equal value of a variable across space Context Context GIS and Map types Test Yourself Which of the following shows differences in relief Contour lines topographical map Which type of map uses color to portray quantitative data Choropleth map GIS is primarily for map making False used for geospacing data The great plains has high relief False Closer contour lines indicate higher relief than more distant ones True Isolines are used in choropleth lines False can be used 1 27 Energy Solar Radiation Energy Ability or capacity to do work Electromagnetic Radiation Transmission of Energy as waves or particles through space or a material Gravity Natural phenomenon by which objects with mass attract each other Spheres or plasma held together by gravity Stars Solar radiation Energy as waves from the sun Shorter wave radiation is more damaging Chemical composition of the atmosphere differs with altitude Different chemicals absorb different wave lengths Context the story of the suns energy 99 of the earths energy is from the sun ionosphere is great for filtering the suns energy we have a protective atmosphere Scattering Absorption Reflection return of radiation from a surface in one direction Test Yourself which type of electromagnetic radiation is the shortest in wavelength X rays what is the con 1 29 Basic Chemistry Solar Radiation absorption retention of radiation in a substance Heat capacity heat energy require to raise 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius If a substance can absorb a lot of heat with out a rapid increase in temperature it has a high heat capacity Low heat capacity fast absorption High heat capacity slow absorption Elements pure chemical substances consisted of one type of atom Atoms the basic building blocks of matter Matter solids liquids and gases Atomic number number of protons Number of protons decide what element it is electrons decide what the charge is Atoms Molecules Molecules generally electrically neutral groups of 2 or more atoms held together by bonds Either transfer electrons or share electrons to form bonds Which process represents retention of radiation in a substance Absorption When an energy wave hits a substances and bounces back out to space at 180 degrees this is reflection T F When an energy wave is scattered it can bounce in any direction T F True Bonds are bent and vibrated during absorption T F True Ionization occurs to ozone in the ozonosphere T F True Greenhouse gases absorb shortwave radiation in the upper atmosphere T F False 2 1 Earth s motion reception of solar radiation Revolution Earths orbital path around the sun Context The spin of the earth on its axis Context ensures all parts of the globe get some sunlight each day Rotation Tilt The orientation away from vertical 23 5 degrees Context no tilt no seasons same day length Axial Parallelism The axis tilt always points in the same direction Context because of axial parallelism and tilt the part of the earth that receives direct solar radiation changes by season as the earth revolves around the sun Sphericity The condition of the earth being a globe Context only part of the earths surface is getting solar radiation Indirect radiation the further you go up the globe the less direct the suns radiation is During the summer solstice the earth is its part of its revolution where the northern hemisphere is most exposed to solar radiation Which of the following means the tilt of the earth stays the same during its orbit around the sun axial parallelism The tilt of the earth is 35 2 degrees from vertical T F False 23 5 One day one revolution T F False rotation One year one revolution T F True At the winter solstice the northern hemisphere is receiving the lowest amount of solar radiation that it will the entire year T F True 2 19 Tornados Hurricanes Tornados Violently rotating columns of air up drafting in a storm that have contact with the ground 3 stages 1 the upper winds of the storm are stronger than those on the ground it causes rotation parallel to the ground 2 Up drafting pulls the horizontal spinning wind upward convection is upward movement of warm air 3 If the up drafting is strong enough it will form a funnel cloud becomes a tornado when it touches the ground vertical movement of air is called instability hail is also more likely to happen during these storms we see tornados along cold fronts Hurricanes huge tropical storms with high powered winds of greater than 74MPH that maintain rotation in a circle around an