Please sit in the indicated areas according to your recitation TA1TA: KritiTA: BenTA: PengchongTA: ConnerClicker questionWhich of the following samples contains the largest number of atoms?2A. 1.0 mole of methane (CH4)B. Avogadro’s number of CO2moleculesC. 28 g of N2D. 18 g of water (H2O)E. 1.5 x 1024atoms of argon (Ar)because there are 4 atoms in one mol of CH4=> 6.02214 x 10^23 x 4=…Clicker questionAfter attending recitation yesterday....I. I feel more confident about locating information that I need for the course.II. I understand how the eBook is laid out.III. I still feel overwhelmed and I’m not sure where to find things.3A. IB. IIC. I and IID. III4(eBook)Before next class (Mon 8/31):• Do the “Week 1 Lectures 1-3” problems linked to the syllabus.• Read Lessons 02-1, 02-2 and 02-3, including the reading guides , example problems , and stop signs . • Finish up ALEKS!! (due Sun. Sept. 6)• LA Office Hours: Sunday 1-2PM in 109 Osmond (Henry, Aditi and Jacklyn)Sunday 5-6PM in 109 Osmond (Elli and Craig)ALEKSHow far have you gotten with ALEKS? A. ALEKS? Who is ALEKS? Some cool dude I should meet?B. I registered…and then forgot about it.C. I finished the initial assessment only.D. I finished the assessment and started working in learning mode.E. I already finished all of ALEKS (‘cause I’m on top of my shtuff!).5FYI6Do not fill out a sheet going around asking for your name and phone number!!! I will never ask for such information from you!!See the “Help Available” section of the eBook to learn about all the free help available from the Chemistry department.7Lesson 01-4 Introduction to energyThere are two forms of energy: kinetic and potential energyKinetic Energy: energy of motionMechanical moving mass (1/2 mv2)Electrical moving chargeLight moving photonsSound molecules moving uniformlyHeat molecules moving randomlyPotential Energy: stored energyMechanical mass in a place where a force can actElectrostatic due to the interaction of charged particlesChemical bondsNuclear binding energyUnits of energy: Joules (J)= (kg.m^2)/(s^2)1 cal=4184 JFirst Law of Thermodynamics• The law of conservation of energy: The total quantity of energy in the universe is assumed to be constant. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. ________________________________________________________________• All energy lost by a system under observation must be gained by the surroundings(and vice versa: energy gained by the system is lost by the surroundings).• The system is ______________________________________________________ and the surroundings _____________________________________________________• Energy of the system is called _______________ energy.9Energy of system increases Energy of system decreasesF01-4-1Energy can only be converted from one form to anothersthe specific part of the universe under studyencompass the rest of the universeinternalInternal energy• Internal energy is the total energy (E) associated with a system; the sum of allsources of ______________ and ______________ energy.• Internal energy is the “capacity to do work and transfer heat.”• You cannot define absolute energy, only the change in energy, E.• Esys= Efinal– Einitial• To calculate E quantitatively:• Know the signs of q and w (all are considered with respect to the system):10Heat transferred out of systemWork done by the systemHeat transferred into the systemWork done on the systemkineticpotentialdelta E= q+wq<0q>0w<0w>0State functions• A state function is a function whose value does NOT depend on the pathwayused to get to the present state.• Changes in state functions are path independent and only depend on the currentstate (composition, temperature and pressure).• State functions are written as uppercase letters (E, H, P, V, T, S…)• q and w are not state functions, but E (= q + w) is a state function.11EChemical ReactionDistance is not a state functionbut (elevation) is a state functionInternal energy is a state function12The internal energy of the 25°C beaker of water is thesame regardless of whether it was prepared by coolingboiling water or melting ice.F01-4-4Clicker questionWhat is the change in internal energy for the following system?13A. +100.4 JB. +49.8 JC. -49.8 J D. -100.4 JE. +150.2 Jq = 75.1 Jw = 25.3 JElectrostatic energy• Electrostatic energy is a form of potential energy that results from the _________________________________________________.• Like charges ___________ one another and opposite charges _______________ one another.• The more negative the electrostatic energy is, the _________________ the system and the ______________________ the interaction. • The more positive the electrostatic energy is, the __________________ the system and the _____________________ the interaction.14CoulombF01-4-2interaction of charged particlesrepelattractrepulsionattractionmore stablemore favorableless stableless favorable• Interaction of two positively charged particles• Interaction of two negatively charged particles• Interaction of two oppositely charged particlesElectrostatic energy• Electrostatic energy is defined by Coulomb’s law:15−1d+1d−1+1+1d−1E(el)=(Q1.Q2)/d(+1)(+1)/d >0 => repulsion(-1)(-1)/d >0 => repulsion(+1)(-1) <0 => attractionRank these in order of increasing electrostatic potential energy.A. I < II < IV < IIIB. II < I < III < IVC. IV < III < II < I D. IV < III < I < IIE. II < III < I < IVClicker question0.5 d+1-1I0.5 d+2-1II4 d+2-2III0.5 d-1-3IVFollow-up: Which has the strongest interaction?17Lesson 01-5 EnthalpyE at constant P is different from the E at constant VDry ice (CO2) is heated at constant P18w = P∆V+q+q∆V = 0ΔEsys= q + wΔEsys= qp− PΔVw = P∆V+q+q∆V = 0ΔEsys= q + wNo work done.ΔEsys= qp+ w = ΔH - PΔVΔEsys= qvDry ice (CO2) is heated at constant Vhttps://chem110.science.psu.edu/01-5-enthalpyEnthalpy is defined as heat transferred at constant P (H = qp)19For many chemical processes, PΔV is small because ΔV is very small and P is usually 1 atm.ΔH is a state function. H is path independent. Only need to know the initial and final state.Quantitative definition:ΔE = qp+ wp= qp– PΔV (when P is constant) qp= ΔE + PΔV defines ΔH = Enthalpy = qpQualitative definition:ΔH is the heat exchanged with the surroundings at constant P.Enthalpy (H)• When Hrxnis (−): rxn is ______________  rxn ____________ heat to the