Test Bank forChapter 1: Introduction to GeneticsShort Answer QuestionsTest Bank forChapter 1: Introduction to GeneticsMultiple Choice Questions1. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is incorrect?a. Evolution—Population geneticsb. Gene regulation—Molecular geneticsc. Allelic frequency alteration—Population geneticsd. Arrangement of genes on chromosome—Transmission geneticse. Chemical nature of the gene—Transmission geneticsAnswer: eSection: 1.1Comprehension Question2. Which one of the following topic of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?a. Inheritance pattern of gene allelesb. Mechanism of DNA Replicationc. Gene expression patternsd. Evolutione. Chemical modification of nucleic acidsAnswer: aSection: 1.1Comprehension Question3. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as itsa. chromosome.b. alleles.c. locus.d. genome.e. phenotype.Answer: dSection: 1.1Comprehension Question4. Identify a true statement from the descriptions concerning genetics below.a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Species.d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population. Answer: dSection: 1.1Comprehension Question5. Identify a false statement from the descriptions of genetics below.a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by single gene.e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.Answer: dSection: 1.1Comprehension Question6. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?a. The plant, Linaria vulgarisb. The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatusc. The worm, Caenorhabditis elegansd. The frog, Hyla chrysoscelise. The chimpanzee, Pan troglodytesAnswer: cSection: 1.1Comprehension Question7. Which of the following would serve the least well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of inheritance?a. Fruit fliesb. Humansc. Yeastd. Micee. ZebrafishAnswer: bSection: 1.1Comprehension Question8. Which of the following statements is true?a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlapwith the other subdisciplines.b. All phenotypes or traits are always determined by multiple genes.c. Albinism rises from the overexpression of the gene that controls the synthesis and storageof melanin.d. Humans make excellent model organisms, as a variety of traits are well-defined.e. None of the statements above are true. Answer: eSection: 1.1 Application Question9. Which of the following statements is correct?a. All genomes are encoded in DNA only.b. All genomes are encoded in nucleic acids.c. All genomes are encoded in proteins only.d. The genetic instructions are decoded completely differently in each organism.e. The molecular mechanism suggests life evolved from multiple primordial ancestors.Answer: bSection: 1.1Application Question10. Which of the following theories of inheritance is currently considered true?a. Germ-plasm theoryb. Pangenesisc. Blending inheritanced. Inheritance of acquired characteristicse. None of the above is considered true based on new evidence.Answer: aSection: 1.2Comprehension Question11. Which one of the following topics belongs to a different subdiscipline of genetics when compared to the rest?a. Mechanism of gene regulationb. Allele frequencies of certain gene in different environmentsc. Transcriptiond. Chemical alternation of chromosomese. Mechanism of DNA repairs and maintenanceAnswer: bSection: 1.2Comprehension Question12. Which of the following theories of inheritance is no longer accepted as true?a. Pangenesisb. Blending inheritancec. Inheritance of acquired characteristicsd. Preformationisme. None of the above is currently considered true. Answer: eSection: 1.2Comprehension Question13. Which of the following correctly describes the cell theory? a. Genetic information from different parts of the body travels to the reproductive organs.b. The cell is the compositional and functional unit of all life.c. Inside the germ cells, there exists a fully formed miniature adult which enlarges in the course of developmentd. The genetic material itself blends, which cannot be separated out in figure generations. e. Traits acquired in a person’s lifetime become incorporated into the person’s hereditary information, which will be passed onto their offspring.Answer: bSection: 1.2Comprehension Question14. Which of the following examples of scientist and their contribution is matched incorrectly?a. Watson and Crick—chemical structure of DNAb. Mendel—principles of heredity using pea plantsc. Gilbert and Sanger—DNA sequencing methodsd. Morgan—polymerase chain reactione. Sutton—genes on chromosomes as units of inheritance Answer: dSection: 1.2Comprehension Question15. Choose the correct match between the scientist and the field of genetics that they made the contribution to.a. Haldane and Wright—transmission genetics b. Mendel—molecular genetics c. Gilbert and Sanger—population genetics d. Darwin—molecular genetics e. Morgan—transmission geneticsAnswer: eSection: 1.2Comprehension Question 16. The first complete DNA sequence of a non-viral, free-living organism was obtained fora. a bacterium in 1900.b. a bacterium in 1945.c. a bacterium in 1995.d. humans in 1990.e. humans in 2000.Answer: cSection: 1.2Comprehension Question17. The three-dimensional structure of DNA was first deciphered based on the work ofa. James Watson.b. Francis Crick.c. Maurice Wilkins.d. Rosalind Franklin.e. All of the aboveAnswer: eSection: 1.2Comprehension Question18. Which of the following scientists contributed significantly to the foundations of population genetics? a. James Watson b. Thomas Hunt Morganc. Ronald Fisherd. Charles Darwin Answer: cSection: 1.2Comprehension Question19.