FSHN 150 8/31/2015Energy yielding nutrientsSample calculation of a nutrition label The American diet - 16% of kcals as proteinso 2/3 from animal sources- 50% of kcals as CHOo ½ from simple sugars- 33% of kcals as fatso 2/3 from animal fats Phytochemicals (plants)- Associated w/ o Decreased CVD and cancer risko Decreased infectionso Decreased immune function- Examples: flavonoids, carotenoids, isoflavones, plant sterols - Best to get them from food-not supplementso Likely to work in combo with each other- Examples: soy, tomatoes, garlic, onions, legumes, green tea, colorful vegs, red wine, grapesDesire to eat- Hunger (internal)o Physical biological drive- Appetite (external)o Psychological driveo Hmm….what sounds good?Satiety - The state where there is no longer a desire to eat, feeling of satisfaction- Regulation of satiety o Hypothalamuso Meal sizeo HormonesWhy you eat what you eat- Habits- Health awareness- Advertisements- Restaurants and eating out- Social factors- Economics What is a healthy diet- Variety- Balance- ModerationStates of nutritional health - Desirable nutritional stateo Intake meet body’s needso Body has small surplus-in times of need- Malnutritiono Undernutrition Occurs when nutrient intake does not meet nutrient needso Over nutrition  Prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needsABCD of nutritional assessment - Anthropometrics o Height, weight, skin folds, and BMI- Biochemical o Blood concentrations of nutrients such as iron- Clinical - Diet historyo A diet history of the previous days, intake Diet evaluation and planning tools- Dietary reference intakes (DRI) o Recommended dietary allowances (RDA)o Adequate intake (AI)o Upper levels (UL)o Estimated energy requirements (EER)- DRI o Not a requirement = amount of nutrient an individual needs to avoid a deficiency and, if enough info, to optimize healtho Varies by age, gender o The original; RDA’S focused on prevention - AIo Adequate intakes for calcium for adults are 1000-1200 milligrams per day o Goal to set RDA To approximate calcium intake that lead to the fewest bone fractures due to osteoporosis - ULo The UL for calcium for adults is 2500 mg per day Daily intake above 2500 mg may increase the risk of kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals  The UL is primarily of concern for people who take