2/28/20161PSY 4 0 1 / L E C T U R E 7N ATU R AL I S M AN D H U MA N I T A R I A N R E F O R MHISTORY & SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY2NATURALISM AND HUMANITARIAN REFORMS T I L L I N T H E MO D E RN P E RI O D T HA T “ S H AP E D” P S Y C H O LO G Y A S WE KN O W I T . ..3Naturalism• “A philosophical perspective, states that scientific procedures and laws apply to all phenomena” (King, Viney & Woody)• Later accounted for• Origin of Life, Disease and Emotional disorders• Psychology emerging from changes in society• Changes leading to reform in• Slavery, Education, Sanitation and health, Equality for women, Birth control, Animals rights, Prisons, Workplace, Treatment of mentally ill and child protectionSOME DEFINITIONS...Humanitarian Reform2/28/201624NATURALISMR E P L A C I N G D E M O N O L O G Y ?&I TS I N F L U E N C E O N TH E D E VE L O P M E N T O F P S Y C H O L O G Y5EARLY EVOLUTIONARY THEORISTS • Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)• Founder of modern geology• Uniformitarianism• Evolutionary changes on earth occur over a long time• As opposed to catastrophe theory• Huge influence on Darwin• “Even within the Christian community, there was not universal agreement about the details of a sacred theory of origin.”• 1stand 2ndchapters of Genesis debate…• God speaking things into existence?• God Sculpting things into existence?• Where the fowl brought forth out of the water (1:20)• Or out of the ground (2:19)6ORGANIC EVOLUTION & THEOLOGICAL QUARRELS2/28/20163• Denied “Mutability” and did not openly support organic evolution• Did wonder about apes and humans having a common ancestry• First modern figure to study developmental history & mortality statistics7COMTE DE BUFFON (1707 – 1788)Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)Inheritance of acquired characteristics8EVOLUTIONARY THEORY• Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)• Evolution as inheritance of acquired characteristics• All traits develop from a need• Plant life preceded animals life• Animals all evolved from the same basic material2/28/20164EVOLUTIONARY THEORYJean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)• Progressionism• Steady linear advance from simple to complex species• Transmutation of Species • Characteristics of a species change based on external conditions• Use/disuse modelEVOLUTIONARY THEORY• Proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics as the mechanism of evolutionEnvironmental pressureBehavioral changeBiological changePass to offspringCharles Darwin (1809-1882)Origin of Species 122/28/20165• http://darwin-online.org.uk/timeline.html• Cambridge• Fifth of six children• Not stellar in formal schooling 13CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882)CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882)• H.M.S. Beagle (1831-1836)• Read “Principles of Geology,” Charles Lyell• Uniformitarianism• Read “Essay on the Principle of Population,” Thomas Malthus• Galapagos Islands (Fall, 1835)EVOLUTIONARY THEORY• Darwin’s work was presented with Alfred Russell Wallace’s (1858)• Then wrote - “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” (1859)• Species tend to overpopulate • There is variation in all populations (this is random!)• There is struggle for survival• Individual differences with survival values are passed on to later generations (i.e., adaptive traits)2/28/20166THE DESCENT OF MANCHARLES DARWIN (1874)“ … I T I S O N L Y O U R N A T U R A L P R E J U D I C E , AN D TH A T A RR O G A N C E W H I C H M AD E O U R F O R E F A T H E R S D E C L AR E T H A T TH EY W E R E D E S C E N D E D F RO M D E M I G O D S , W H I C H L E A D S U S T O D E MU R T O T H I S C O N C L U S I O N . ”APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY• “Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals” (1872)• Emotions are universal and have survival value• James C. Browne (1840-1938)• “Biographical Sketch of an Infant”APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY• Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)• Survival of the Fittest• Social Darwinism• “Principles of Psychology” (1855)2/28/20167Why are we learning about evolution in a history of psychology class?D O Y O U T H I N K T H E SE “ R E VO L U T I O NA R Y” B IO L OG I C AL T H OU G H T S I N F L U E NC E D T H E D E VE L OP M E N T OF OU R FI E L D ?EVOLUTION APPLIED TODAYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbRCFuet0Nk• Relevant Topics:• The Evolution of Conscious Attention• Why Trump?: Donald the Dominant Male Ape• Social exchange (reciprocation, reciprocal altruism, cooperation, generosity)• Development• Courtship, Mate Choice, and Human Sexuality• Economics, Business, and Organizational BehaviorPSY 4 0 1 / L E C T U R E 7N AT U R AL I S M A N D H U M AN I T AR I A N R E F O R MHISTORY & SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY2/28/20168SUICIDE AWARENESSWarning Signs:• Sad Most of the Time• Feeling Hopeless, Helpless, Worthless • Feeling Irritable, Angry, Restless, Inappropriately Guilty• Change in Appetite, Weight, Sleep Patterns, Self Care, Sex Drive Fatigue and Loss of Energy • Difficulty Concentrating • Decreased Interest in Activities• Change in Work or School Performance • Withdrawal/Isolation • Physical Complaints • Alcohol or Drug Use • Severe Mood Swings • Talking or Writing About Suicide, Death • Giving Away Possessions• Careless, High Risk Behavior• Making a Suicide Plan• Gathering Supplies to Kill Self • Unexplained Mood ImprovementNational Suicide Hotline: 1-800-273-TALKSuicide Resource Center of Larimer County: (970)-635-9301 Colorado State University (Tell Someone): 491-135023NATURALISTIC APPROACHES TO EMOTIONAL DISORDERSA R E T UR N TO WI T CHC R AF THTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=OTKUMO6NSPSWI TCH H UN TS2/28/20169• Three elements are necessary for witchcraft: the evil-intentioned witch, the help of the Devil, and the Permission of God• Johann Weyer – “witches” were suffering from mental illness25MALLEUS MALEFICARUM (1486)26THE DEMISE OF WITCHCRAFTWE YER , S P IN O Z A, DES C AR T ES27HUMANITARIAN REFORMEMO T I ONAL D ISO R DER S2/28/201610Franz Anton Mesmer Group Therapy?28• Magnets across the body• Claimed to cure epilepsy and hysteria• “Ran out of town (Vienna)” after claiming to restore sight• Psychotherapy as theatre• Séance…Dramatic….music! • Animal magnetism• Essentially bucket of water with metal stone and glass in it• I don’t think