2 28 2016 HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PSY 401 LECTURE 7 N AT U R AL I S M AN D H U MAN I T AR I AN R E F O R M NATURALISM AND HUMANITARIAN REFORM S T I L L I N T H E M O D E R N P E R I O D T H AT S H AP E D P S Y C H O L O G Y AS W E K N O W I T 2 SOME DEFINITIONS Naturalism Humanitarian Reform A philosophical perspective states that scientific procedures and laws apply to all phenomena King Viney Woody Later accounted for Psychology emerging from changes in society Changes leading to reform in Origin of Life Disease and Emotional disorders Slavery Education Sanitation and health Equality for women Birth control Animals rights Prisons Workplace Treatment of mentally ill and child protection 3 1 2 28 2016 NATURALISM R E P L AC I N G D E M O N O L O G Y I TS I NFL UENC E O N THE DEVEL O P MEN T O F P S Y C HO L O G Y 4 EARLY EVOLUTIONARY THEORISTS Sir Charles Lyell 1797 1875 Founder of modern geology Uniformitarianism Evolutionary changes on earth occur over a long time As opposed to catastrophe theory Huge influence on Darwin 5 ORGANIC EVOLUTION THEOLOGICAL QUARRELS Even within the Christian community there was not universal agreement about the details of a sacred theory of origin 1st and 2nd chapters of Genesis debate God speaking things into existence God Sculpting things into existence Where the fowl brought forth out of the water 1 20 Or out of the ground 2 19 6 2 2 28 2016 COMTE DE BUFFON 1707 1788 Denied Mutability and did not openly support organic evolution Did wonder about apes and humans having a common ancestry First modern figure to study developmental history mortality statistics 7 Erasmus Darwin 1731 1802 Inheritance of acquired characteristics 8 EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Erasmus Darwin 1731 1802 Evolution as inheritance of acquired characteristics All traits develop from a need Plant life preceded animals life Animals all evolved from the same basic material 3 2 28 2016 EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Jean Baptiste Lamarck 17441829 Progressionism Steady linear advance from simple to complex species Transmutation of Species Characteristics of a species change based on external conditions Use disuse model EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics as the mechanism of evolution Environmental pressure Behavioral change Biological change Pass to offspring Charles Darwin 1809 1882 Origin of Species 12 4 2 28 2016 CHARLES DARWIN 1809 1882 http darwinonline org uk timeline html Cambridge Fifth of six children Not stellar in formal schooling 13 CHARLES DARWIN 1809 1882 H M S Beagle 1831 1836 Read Principles of Geology Charles Lyell Uniformitarianism Read Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Malthus Galapagos Islands Fall 1835 EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Darwin s work was presented with Alfred Russell Wallace s 1858 Then wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1859 Species tend to overpopulate There is variation in all populations this is random There is struggle for survival Individual differences with survival values are passed on to later generations i e adaptive traits 5 2 28 2016 THE DESCENT OF MAN CHARLES DARWIN 1874 IT IS ONLY OUR NATURAL PREJUDICE AND THAT ARROGANCE WHICH MADE OUR FOREFATHERS DECLARE THAT THEY WERE DESCENDED FROM DEMIGODS WHICH LEADS US TO DEMUR TO THIS CONCLUSION APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals 1872 Emotions are universal and have survival value James C Browne 18401938 Biographical Sketch of an Infant APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Herbert Spencer 18201903 Survival of the Fittest Social Darwinism Principles of Psychology 1855 6 2 28 2016 Why are we learning about evolution in a history of psychology class DO YOU THINK THESE REVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGICAL THOUGHTS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR FIELD EVOLUTION APPLIED TODAY https www youtube com watch v xbRCFuet0Nk Relevant Topics The Evolution of Conscious Attention Why Trump Donald the Dominant Male Ape Social exchange reciprocation reciprocal altruism cooperation generosity Development Courtship Mate Choice and Human Sexuality Economics Business and Organizational Behavior HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PSY 401 LECTURE 7 N AT U R AL I S M AN D H U MAN I T AR I AN R E F O R M 7 2 28 2016 SUICIDE AWARENESS Warning Signs Sad Most of the Time Feeling Hopeless Helpless Worthless Feeling Irritable Angry Restless Inappropriately Guilty Change in Appetite Weight Sleep Patterns Self Care Sex Drive Fatigue and Loss of Energy Difficulty Concentrating Decreased Interest in Activities Change in Work or School Performance Withdrawal Isolation Physical Complaints Alcohol or Drug Use Severe Mood Swings Talking or Writing About Suicide Death Giving Away Possessions Careless High Risk Behavior Making a Suicide Plan Gathering Supplies to Kill Self Unexplained Mood Improvement National Suicide Hotline 1 800 273 TALK Suicide Resource Center of Larimer County 970 635 9301 Colorado State University Tell Someone 491 1350 NATURALISTIC APPROACHES TO EMOTIONAL DISORDERS A R E T UR N T O WI T C H C R AF T 23 HTTP WWW YOUTUBE COM WATCH V OTKUMO6NSPS WI T C H H UN T S 8 2 28 2016 MALLEUS MALEFICARUM 1486 Three elements are necessary for witchcraft the evil intentioned witch the help of the Devil and the Permission of God Johann Weyer witches were suffering from mental illness 25 THE DEMISE OF WITCHCRAFT WE Y E R S P I N O Z A D E S C AR T E S 26 HUMANITARIAN REFORM E M O T I O N AL D I S O R D E R S 27 9 2 28 2016 Franz Anton Mesmer Group Therapy 28 MESMER Magnets across the body Claimed to cure epilepsy and hysteria Ran out of town Vienna after claiming to restore sight Psychotherapy as theatre S ance Dramatic music Animal magnetism Essentially bucket of water with metal stone and glass in it I don t think so George Washington did not buy it 29 HUMANITARIAN REFORM CONTINUED S T I L L I N T H E M O D E R N P E R I O D T H AT S H AP E D P S Y C H O L O G Y AS W E K N O W I T 30 10 2 28 2016 HUMANITARIAN REFORM AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH One of the key points influencing the separation from philosophy and a physiological and anatomical account of mental life came from addressing the treatment of mental illness Up until the mid 17th century the norm was Asylums Really more like prisons Treatments more like torture 31 ASYLUMS Royal Hospital of Mary of Bethlehem Began admitting patients in 1337 for mental illness Charged the rich a penny to view the Freaks Raping lunatics was common You could bring sticks to poke them in their cells Tuesdays was free 32