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MSU MMG 301 - Lecture 41

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Lecture 411)Describe what a serotype is a) Identification of a pathogen using antigens on its external surfaceb)2)Be able to describe how restriction enzymes can be used to “serotype” bacterial pathogens a) Because when they cut chromosomes in different places to identify thebacteria due to different size of fragment sizes and this is called a DNA fingerprint. 3)Know in a general way what pulsed field gel electrophoresis is and how it works.a) Used for separation of large restriction enzyme fragments of genomic DNA from pathogens isolated from patients 4)Be able to describe the ultimate goal of investigating waterborne and foodborneoutbreaks a) Look at fragment sizes and compare to patient samples and food samples to find the source of the bacterial foodbourne outbreaks by looking at the changes in the genome.5)Why is 16S rRNA gene sequencing not enough for these kinds of investigationsa) Even when the DNA is very different due to restriction enzymes 16s rRNA still see the as all the same genus and species 6)Know disease burden for norovirus a) Most common cause of gastroenteritis with 19-21 million cases/year in the U.S.b) Stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches c) Usually outbreak in winterd) Get by eating food, drinking liquids that are contamination with norovirus7)Describe the types of facilities where norovirus usually strikes a) Confined places, shipsb) Homesc) Day cared) Centerse) Restaurants 8)Describe the common ways norovirus is transmitted a) Eating food, drinking liquids that are contaminatedb) Touching objects contaminated with norovirus and then placing their hand in theirmouth9)Know what a “single point outbreak” is and what its epi curve looks like a)10)Understand the differences between the FoodNet, PulseNet, and Genome Trakr programs a) FoodNet- Surveillance database system to watch for foodborne illness (mainly bacterial) in a subset of the U.S populationb) PulseNet- Database of Pulsed field get electrophoresis patterns for pathogens i) Method identifies pathogen by unique DNA fingerprinting based on band patterns from gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme-digested DNA ii) Used for investigation and monitoring of outbreaksiii) Genome Trakr- Whole genome sequencing program11) How are cholera and Legionnaire’s disease transmitted.a) Legionnaires disease i) transmission: replication of Legionella within amoebas in aquatic biofilm habitats→water droplets containing free bacteria are inhaledb) Cholera- caused by colonization of the small intestine c) Transmitted through fecal- contaminated water d) Occurs in undeveloped areas with inadequate sanitation e) Cholera toxin produces servere diarrheai) Mortality up to 50% unless fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy are sued 12) Know the important facts about the Legionella outbreak news story and the assigned reading. a) LOOK IN POWERPOINTb) Total cases up to now- 12 deaths, cases: 91c) Health crisis is outbreak related to: water quality issued) Name of bacterium: legionellae) Diseases it can cause: Pneumonia, pontiac feverf) How is the pathogen transmitted: not spread person to person, found in the environment usually in warm


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MSU MMG 301 - Lecture 41

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