Lecture 381. What are the common sites of infections and names of associated diseasesa. Staphylococcus direct contact transmitted infectionsi. S. aureus and normal flora of skin and upper respiratory tract, but can become pathogenic in some casesii. An example of this concept: one pathogen can cause many diseases:1. Acne, boils (skin abscess)2. Blood infections (bacteremia/septicemia)3. Wound infections4. Otidis media (inner ear)b. Ulcersi. Infection by helicobacter pyloriii. In the stomachc. Hepatitisi. Caused in the liverd. Gonorrheai. Infect mucous membranes of genitourinary tract, and also eye, rectum or throate. Syphilisi. Skinf. HPVi. Viral, cervical cancer, anal and vaginal cancerg. AIDSi. Tissue tropism for specific human cell types ii. Immune system cells2. Know the important virulence factors of Staphylococcus and what toxic shock syndrome is a. Cytolytic toxinsi. Hemolysinsb. Coagulasei. Free cells: forms fibrin capsule around cellii. Attached cells: forms wall to protect infection sitec. Some types of S. aureeus produce superatigens such as Toxic shock syndromed. Some types of S. aureus are resistant to multiple antibiotics (MRSA)3. Describe in terms of genetics and genomics why there can be many pathogenic types of S. aureus a. Horizontal gene transfer4. Be able to describe stomach ulcers and what Helicobacter virulence factor isimportant, and how this pathogen creates its own favorable microenvironment a. Caused by helicobacter pylori that uses an enzyme virulence factor to aid colonization.b. Sometimes pathogens can help create their own habitatc. Bacterium infects the mucosa of the stomachd. Pathogenesis aided several virulence factorse. In addition to urease, other virulence factors erode the protective mucous layer which results in tissue damage f. Associated with 80-90% of all peptic ulcers5. Be familiar with the modes of transmissiona. Usually caused by a viral infection and some forms of direct contact transmitted6. What organ is infecteda. Inflammation of the liver 7. What are possible sequelae for Hep. B and C infections a. Cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancers8. Identify the bacterial pathogens for syphilis and gonorrhea a. Gonorrhea- Neisseria gonorrgoeaei. Gram negative, non motile, aerobic, diplococcusb. Syphillis- Treponema pallidum9. Know the 4 stages of syphilis infection a. Chancre (primary syphilis)- initial infectionb. Secondary or disseminated syphilia- skin rash bacteria other multiple organsc. Latent- long termd. Tertiary syphilis- A latent stage, not infectious, that can last years; lesions eventually form on skin, bone, nervous system (blindness, disfigurement)10. How common is HPV; what sequelae can occura. Very common viral pathogenb. Causes cervical cancers, most anal and vaginal cancers and several othercancers11. Know the three host cell and HIV viral surface proteins and their role in attachment a. They tract each other so they can attach to the host cellsb. CD4- c. CCR5- also involved in binding of the virus and fusiond. Gp12012. Be able to describe the roles of gp120, CD4, and CCR5 in viral-cell recognition a. Gp120- binds to the CD4 and CCR5 host proteinsb. CD4- recognizes CCR5c. CCR5- involved in binding of the virus and fusion13. Know the major causes of death of AIDS patients a. Opportunistic pathogens and rare cancersi. T lymphocytes and macrophages, important immune cells, are destroyed by the
View Full Document
Unlocking...