DOC PREVIEW
MSU MMG 301 - Lecture 34

This preview shows page 1 out of 4 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 4 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 4 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Lecture 341. Know the definitions presented on slides 2 and 3a. Endemic- Disease is one that is constantly present at low levelsb. Epidemic- An increase in an infectious disease within a population above normalc. Pandemic- When a disease is widespread across continents d. Prevalence- The total number of existing cases within a population at a specific time, or during a specified time spane. Incidence- The number of new cases within a population that occur during a specified time period f. Outbreak- The appearance of a large number of cases in a short time period, outbreaks can usually be traced to a single individualg. Index case- First occurrence of a disease in a population is knows as the index case, this individual is sometimes referred to as “patient zero”h. Mortality- Deaths due to disease/ total population of individualsi. Morbidity- Incidence of a disease (fatal or non-fatal)/Total population of individuals2. Define an epi curvea. Can provide many types of information about disease outbreaks3. Know the difference between a common source and host- to-host transmission and what their epi curves look like a. Host to host- have a slower increase in cases, pathogen must replicate in each newly infected host before it can be transmitted to anotherb. Direct host to host- Where an infected host passes a pathogen directly to an uninfected host.c. Indirect host to host- When there is some intermediate between infected host and uninfected host.i. Vectors- are live agents that can transmit pathogens (mosquitos, ticks)ii. Fomites- inanimate object that can harbor pathogensd. Seasonal transmission- Observed in diseases resent in populations only in specifictimes of the yeari. Diseases transmitted by insect vectors are only prevalent when the insects are activeii. Many respiratory diseases are only prevalent during winter months e. Common source Happen when a single source infects many individuals in a short time periodi. Usually result of contaminated food or waterii. Occur locally, regionally or nationally.4. Review the stages of a chronic infectiona. Persistent long lasting disease that can last months or years. Symptoms are mild to non-existent (subclinical) Individuals with chronic infections are known as carriers. b. Can transmit disease but not appear to be sickc. Short peak in acute phase if any5. Know when acutely infected individuals can transmit pathogens to others a. End of incubation to the end of the decline6. Be able to describe a chronic infection, and what “subclinical symptoms” mean a. Persistent long lasting disease that can last months or years. Symptoms are mild to non-existent (subclinical) Individuals with chronic infections are known as carriers. 7. Know the difference between fomites, vectors, and carriers a. Vectors- are live agents that can transmit pathogens (mosquitos, ticks)b. Fomites- inanimate object that can harbor pathogensc. Carriers- Where the person can transmit the disease but do not appear sick8. Recognize and interpret an epi curve for seasonal and a common source epidemic9. Be able to define basic reproduction numbera. The number of infected individuals that one infected individual creates. A predictor of risk of disease spread in a populationb. Different pathogens have different R0 valuesc. R0 > 1 means one infected person can transmit disease to more than one susceptible people, possibly resulting in an outbreak. d. R0 = 1 means one infected person can transmit disease to one susceptible person; disease will be maintained in the population.e. R0 < 1 means one infected person can transmit disease to less than one susceptible person; disease will eventually die out from population. 10. Describe how basic reproduction number is related to the level of herd immunity required to prevent outbreaks a. Herd Immunity- Results when some members of a population are immune to a diseasei. Immunity can be from- having had the disease and recovered, being immunized to a diseaseb. This immunity in a fraction of the population prevent other non-immune individuals from getting the diseasec. The higher the R0 for a specific disease the greater the herd immunity required toprevent spreadd. The goal of disease transmission control in populations (immunizations, vector control, disinfectant use, hand washing) is to reduce the R0 for a


View Full Document

MSU MMG 301 - Lecture 34

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Lecture 34
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lecture 34 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lecture 34 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?