Chapter 6Childhood Illnesses: Identification and Management©2015 Cengage Learning.Early Signs of Illness• Teachers should be familiar with the characteristic signs of common childhood communicable illnesses.• Recognizing the early signs provides an effective method for limiting the spread of communicable illnesses to other children and adults.Airborne-Transmitted Illnesses• What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled?• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):– Chicken pox– Colds– Fifth disease– Haemophilus influenza (Hib)– Measles– MeningitisAirborne-Transmitted Illnesses(continued)– Mononucleosis – Mumps – Roseola (Sixth disease)– Strep throat – Tuberculosis– Whooping coughBlood Borne-Transmitted Illnesses• What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled?• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):– Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired immunodeficiency disorder syndrome (AIDS)– Hepatitis BContact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted Illnesses• What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled?• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):– Pinkeye (conjunctivitis)– Cytomegalovirus (CMV)– Hand-foot-mouth disease– Herpes simplex (cold sores)– Impetigo– Head liceContact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted Illnesses• What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled?• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):– Ringworm– Rocky Mountain spotted fever– Scabies– TetanusFecal-Oral-Transmitted Illnesses• What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? • Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):– Shigellosis − Hepatitis A – E. coli − Pinworms– Encephalitis − Salmonella – Giardiasis − CampylobacterDiarrhea• It is important to distinguish between noninfectious and infectious causes of diarrhea.• Diarrhea can be a serious condition in infants and toddlers, especially if it is excessive or prolonged.– Why?– What signs are important to observe?– What action should a teacher take?Earaches• Earaches are common, especially in boys younger than three or four– The incidence gradually decreases with age• Earaches are often associated with allergies, colds, feeding position (infants), and/or foreign objects in the ear.– What is otitis media?– What are the signs?Lyme Disease• Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection that is becoming increasingly more common in the United States and Canada.• Prevention is the best method of defense:– Wearing protective clothing– Using DEET insecticide repellants– Bathing, and inspecting the skin after playing outdoors– Removing ticks quickly and carefullyConsider this…• Why might some families knowingly bring an ill child to school? • How would you handle this situation as a teacher, especially if it is a recurring problem?Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)• Approximately 2,200 infants die each year.• SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants between 1 and 12 months of age.• Male infants are at highest risk (61 percent) for developing SIDS.SIDS• A specific cause has not been identified, but certain factors are known to increase the risk, including:– Sleeping position (an infant must always sleep on his/her back)– Lack of maternal prenatal care– Smoking, drinking alcohol, or using drugs during pregnancy– Exposure to secondhand smoke– Respiratory infections– Premature birth (before 37 weeks)– Being born to a teenage mother– Soft bedding (e.g., blankets, bumper pads, mattress)Measures to Prevent SIDS• The CDC’s Back-to-Sleep campaign teaches families and care providers to always put infants to sleep on their back and in their own bed.Additional Measures to PreventSIDS• Mothers are urged to get prenatal care and avoid harmful substances during pregnancy.• Breast-feeding offers infants some protection. • Soft bedding (e.g., pillows, blankets, toys) must be removed from baby’s bed to prevent suffocation. • Avoid dressing infants too