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Chapter 3 Assessing Children’s Health©2015 Cengage Learning.Health Information• Information about a child’s health is available in many forms and from a variety of sources.Health Information• It can be used to: – assess and monitor a child’s health over time – identify developmental problems – formulate intervention plans – make referrals and work with service providers – evaluate a child’s progressChild Health Histories• Information that families provide on health history forms can be useful for understanding the child’s: – Current developmental progress – Special health conditions or needs – Daily habits and preferences, such as eating and sleeping patterns and words used to express personal needs – Concept of familyMedical and Dental Records•A complete physical form and immunization record are required for admission to early childhood and public school programs in most states. •Height, weight and BMI measurements provide reliable information about a child’s growth and well-being.Sensory System Assessment• Young children learn primarily through their sensory organs – eyes, ears, nose, hands, and mouth. • Teachers see children functioning in a variety of situations and can observe behaviors that may indicate a sensory problem.Vision• What behaviors might suggest that an infant or toddler may be experiencing a potential vision problem? (See Teacher Checklist 3-1) • What behaviors might indicate that an older child may have impaired vision? (See Teacher Checklist 3-2) • What evaluation procedures can be used to determine if a referral is necessary?Common Vision Disorders• Amblyopia – a distortion and gradual loss of vision due to a muscle imbalance. • Strabismus – a condition in which the pupils appear crossed or not aligned equally. • Myopia – nearsightedness; child may appear clumsy and ‘accident-prone’Hearing• What behaviors might indicate a potential hearing problem in an infant or toddler? (See Teacher Checklist 3-4) • What behaviors might be observed in an older child? (Teacher Checklist 3-3) • What formal testing procedures are used to confirm or rule out a hearing disorder?Common Hearing Disorders• Conductive loss – interferes with the ability to hear and distinguish quiet sounds. • Sensorineural and mixed hearing loss – interfere with the child’s ability to hear and/or to interpret sound.Hearing Disorders• What modifications and instructional methods can teachers implement in the classroom to help children who have a hearing impairment?Speech and Language• Developmental milestones provide a functional measure for evaluating a child’s speech and language progress. • A hearing test should be a first step in assessing a child who may have a speech impairment or delay. • Referral for professional evaluation should be made if there are any concerns.Nutritional Assessment• BMI, appearance and behavior provide initial indicators of a child’s nutritional well-being. • Additional assessment tools include dietary/nutrient analysis, measurements compared to norms (e.g. BMI, head circumference), and laboratory tests.Common Nutrition Disorders• Malnutrition – a lack of sufficient food or essential nutrients. May be caused by limited access to food or unhealthy food choices. • Obesity – commonly due to a combination of excess food and calorie intake and inactive lifestyle.Childhood Obesity• In what ways does obesity challenge children’s health? • What can be done to avoid obesity and improve children’s weight management?Referrals• A comprehensive evaluation may be needed to identify a child’s health problem. • The evaluation process must take the child’s family and home environment into consideration. • Teachers should refer families to appropriate health professionals and support their efforts to follow through with


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CSU HDFS 445 - Marotz.Ch3

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