COMS 244Spring 2015Study Guide for Exam 2Exam date: Monday, April 6thExam Format:45 multiple choice5 true/false- You are required to know Floyd’s chapters 5-8 and lecture material- Please bring a #2 pencilChapter 5/lecture: Language- The nature of language: language is symbolic, language is arbitrary (onomatopoeia), language is governed by rules (4 rules of language), language has layers and meanings (denotative/connotative, the semantic triangle, loaded language), language varies in clarity (ambiguous language, concrete vs. abstract words), language is bound by context and culture (sapir-whorf hypothesis and its 2 principles)- Appreciating the power of words: naming and identity, we use words to persuade (anchorand contrast/door in the face, foot in the door, norm of reciprocity, social validation principle), credibility (4 factors that diminish credibility), language expresses affection and intimacy, words provide comfort and healing (using language to comfort ourselves – Pennebaker’s journaling)- How we use and abuse language: humor (what makes a good joke?), euphemisms, slang (what % of personal vocabulary is slang?), difference between libel and slander- Improving your language use: owning your thoughts and feelings, seeing the individual and avoid allness- Book: differences in male/female language patterns in blogs (p.157); do all U.S. states have laws prohibiting hate crimes such as the use of hate speech? (p. 166)Chapter 6/lecture: Nonverbal Communication - The nature of nonverbal communication: relationship between nonverbal and verbal communication (e.g., substitute, complement, etc.), 5 characteristics of nonverbal communication (e.g., is present in most IPC, often conveys more information than verbal communication), what are the two channels of nonverbal communication that are useful in communicating emotions?, what are the 7 universal facial expressions?- Functions of nonverbal communication: managing conversations (turn-taking behaviors), maintaining relationships (power/dominance), forming impressions (demographic and sociocultural impressions), influencing others (creating credibility, promoting affiliation),concealing information (do people speak at lower or higher pitches when lying?)- Channels of nonverbal communication: Facial displays (functions, definitions of symmetry and proportionality, facial management techniques, facial feedback hypothesis), eye behaviors (3 characteristics of eye contact, pupil dilation), 5 types of gestures (what are the two types of adaptors?), touch (5 major types of touch, why is touch important?), vocal behaviors (9 paralinguistic cues), smell (memories and 1attraction), proxemics, time (what are two important relational messages that are sent using time?), artifacts- Book: how can online instructors promote immediacy in online classes? (p. 187); how does sex influence nonverbal communication (p. 205)Chapter 7/lecture: Listening- The nature of listening: definition of listening, three myths about listening- Ways of listening: 6 stages of listening (know characteristics of each stage), know 2 factors related to memory (mnemonics, bizarreness effect), 7 ways to respond (i.e., stonewalling, backchanneling, etc.), types of listening (e.g., informational, critical, empathic (2 skills needed)), 4 types of listeners (people-oriented, action-oriented, etc.)- Common Barriers to effective listening: obstacles to effective listening (noise, pseudolistening, etc.).- Book: top 3 attributes of effective managers (p. 219), what is the difference between how one listens and how well one listens? (p. 222), Chapter 8/lecture: Emotion- Emotion in interpersonal communication: definition of emotion, difference between mood and emotion, joyful/affectionate emotions (happiness, love and passion, liking), hostile emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, jealousy, envy), and sad/anxious emotions (sadness and depression, process of grief, fear, social anxiety), how do people react when they are having these groups of emotions?- The nature of emotion: know the multidimensionality of emotions (physiological, etc.), valence and intensity of emotion, primary and secondary forms, meta-emotions- Influences on emotional experience and expression: culture (geography and co-cultures), display rules, technology (3 ways technology affects our emotional behavior), catching emotions (emotional contagion, excitation transfer theory), sex and gender (sexual differences in jealousy, gender roles), personality (agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism), and emotional intelligence and alexithymia- BOOK: Which part of the brain signals our body to go through the fight or flight process when we experience fear? (p. 252), the buffering and recovery effects (p.