1 4 The Tree of Life natural selection has caused populations of one species to diverge and form a new species speciation o all species come from preexisting species and common ancestor o should be able to form a tree of life phylogeny actual genealogical relationships Woese o rRNA ribonucleotides AUCG connected linearly rRNA sequences should be very similar in closely related organisms and less similar in organisms that are less closely related phylogenetic tree shows relationships between species LUCA Last universal common ancestor 3 fundemental groups or lineages of organisms o the bacteria o the archaea o the eukarya Eukaryotes eukarya o Nucleus o Many cells Prokaryotes bacterial and archaeal o No nucleus o One celled Prior to Woese s work o Archaea unknown o Fungi thought to be closely related to plants instead of animals o 5 kingdoms and families inaccurate do not reflect evolution Taxonomy name and classify organisms Taxon named group Domain because of Woese s tree of life o Bacteria archaea eukarya o Phylum major lineages within each domain Scientific Latin Names o Genus closely related group of species first part of name Humans in genus homo o Species second term Humans sapiens 7 1 All cells have o Nucleic acids that store and transmit information o Proteins that perform most of the cells functions o Carbohydrates that provide chemical energy carbon support and identity o Plasma membrane which serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier Selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayers and the activity of membrane transport proteins create different internal environments Morphology form science eukaryotes have nucleus pros do not Pros Bacteria and Archaea Eus eukaryotic algae fungae plants and animals
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