MCB 402Systems and Integrative Physiology• Nien-Pei Tsai, Ph.D.• Erik Nelson, Ph.D.http://www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/402/Neurophysiology• Lecture 1: Introduction, Overview of Nervous System, and Cellular Physiology• Lecture 2: Autonomic nervous system• Lecture 3: Somatosensory system• Lecture 4: Special senses I: Smell, Taste and Hearing • Lecture 5: Special senses II: Vision• Lecture 6: Motor system• Lecture 7: Higher functions of the nervous system• Lecture 8: Development and aging in neurophysiologyResponse systems: 1. Somatic nervous system (performs tasks voluntarily & consciously): motor control, sensory perception, learning and memory, regulation of one’s emotion. 2. Autonomic nervous system (performs tasks involuntarily & sub-consciously): regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. The ANS is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis.How does it work?Example: Somatic ReflexesAfferent: brings information in to the nervous system from sensory receptorsEfferent: carries information out of the nervous system to cause muscle contraction or gland secretionEfferent Pathway of ANSSmooth muscleCardiac muscleGlandsAutonomic Nervous System (ANS)• Regulates function of internal organs• Has three divisions:SympatheticParasympatheticEntericSympathetic vs Parasympatheticnervous systemSympathetic vs ParasympatheticDefined by the origin of the preganglionic neuronsSympatheticAnatomyEyePupil dilationHeartRate increaseStomach and IntestineMotility reducedAdrenal GlandReleases hormonesNeuronsOriginateT1-L3ParasympatheticAnatomyEyePupil constrictsHeartRate and force decreasedBladderWall contractedSphincter relaxedUrine output increasedStomach and IntestineMotility and digestion increasedNeuronsOriginateS2-S4BrainstemAntrinik.orgNeurotransmitters released by adrenal medulla circulate through the body and intensify responses elicited by sympathetic postganglionic neurons.Sympathetic systemSympatheticAnatomyEyePupil dilationHeartRate increaseStomach and IntestineMotility reducedAdrenal GlandReleases hormonesNeuronsOriginateT1-L3ACh: Acetylcholine; M: muscarinic receptor; N: nicotinic receptor; NE: norepinephrine;• Adrenoreceptors: α1and α2receptors β1and β2receptors• Cholinoreceptors: nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptorsAutonomic ReceptorsNeurotransmissionPostganglionic, sympatheticContractionGαqNeurotransmissionPostganglionic, sympatheticIncrease in heart rate and contractilityGαs• Adrenoreceptors: α1and α2receptors β1and β2receptors• Cholinoreceptors: nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptorsAutonomic ReceptprsACh: Acetylcholine; M: muscarinic receptor; N: nicotinic receptor; NE: norepinephrine;Cholinoreceptorsionotropicmetabotropichttp://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP010b.htmANS control of blood vesselsANS control of bladder function An integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and gallbladderEnteric Nervous System An integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and gallbladder Control motor functions, local blood flow, mucosal transport and secretions, and modulates immune and endocrine functionsEnteric Nervous SystemCopyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Summary• Efferent pathway vs Afferent pathway• Preganglionic Postganglionic target tissues• Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic function location neurotransmission and neurotransmitters• Adrenoreceptors and Cholinoreceptors• Enteric Nervous
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