Sikh Test Study GuideThese are all things that will likely appear on the multiple-choice test in some form, I suggest downloading the study guide so you can type out answers on Word using as much room as you need per question. The first questions are largely from class notes and book chapters but can also be supplemented from online readings as they mostly are geared more towards term knowledge and general familiarity. When in doubt, assume a complex situation rather than absolutes—people are rarely so simple.- Where are Sikhs from, what is their homeland?From the Punjab region, part of the Indian subcontinent/South Asia. Eastern Pakistan and northern india - Where did they go? Why? Did everyone go to the same place for the same reasons? 1900s- immigrated from Punjab region to British Columbia to Canada and California- What is/was Britain’s relationship with this group? (Close, antagonistic, a bit of both? Politics, economics?)- What types of careers have they been involved in diaspora (oh, what is “diaspora”)? - What kinds of social changes have occurred in the Sikh community in the West? (power shifts, economics, generational trends, personal appearance)- Where do Sikhs mostly live in the diaspora (countries/regions, states, urban or rural?)The Sikh Diaspora was initially established by the movement of Sikh civil servants, soldiers, policemen, labourers, and indentured servants throughout the British Empire. The Sikh immigrants reached North America in the early 1900s and the first migration to Britain came about in 1950 when men from Punjab sought work in British industry due to its shortage of unskilled labor. These people were for the most part less educated agriculturalists, and labourers, and their host communities were generally unwelcoming and held racist and hostile attitudes towards these early Sikh immigrants.- What particular points of tensions exist(ed) between Sikhs and their new home countries’ cultures? (consider issues of trust, religious freedoms, economics, cultural adaptations)- + (Possibly related to above question):- What is “Africanization”? Labeling of things/people as “african”- What is “secondary diaspora”?- What are/were “anti-miscegenation laws”?Laws that prohibited people of different races from marrying each other.- 1923 and 1965 again, of course1923- protests with Britain, took a sikh off the throne. 1965- indo-pak war- Do they have anything in common with Hindus? Muslims?Culturally more like hindus, dress festival traditions etc- Do Sikhs believe in one god, many gods, both, or none?One god- How many gurus do they have? 10 gurus- What is Amritsar? What does it mean, roughly, and what makes it special?India/Pakistan divided (Partition of 1947) and Armristar became border city in Punjab. City became part of India- What is the Guru Granth Sahib/Adi Granth? What is special about it, how is it treated?The primary holy book, considered eternal guru, treated as human guru- Who was Guru Nanak?1st guru, Founder of Sikhism- Who was Guru Gobind Singh?The latest human guru and man who instituted the Khalsa (Brotherhood) & Sikhs’ distinctive rules of appearance/garb known as the 5 K’s.- What does Singh mean? What does Kaur mean?Singh- Men, family name, “lion”. Kaur- women, family name, “princess”- What are the 5 Ks? Which of the K’s has probably caused the most issues for Sikhs in the West (not the turban)Kes= uncut hair worn under turban, Kangha=comb, Karha=steel bracelet, Kirpan=long dagger/short sword, Kachha=short pants/breeches. Kirpan has caused most issues.- What are Amrit-dhari and Kes-dhari Sikhs?Amrit-dhair- a sikh who has been inititated according to the new new style initiation ceremony or amrit, must display all 5 K’s.Kes-dhari isn’t initiated with a ceremony, and does not keep hair uncut. Difference is that kes-dhari don’t go through the ceremony which requires the 5 k’s- What is the Khalsa?The brotherhood, Gobind Singh instituted this- What is Khalistan?Attempted country of Sikhs- What are gurdwaras? What purposes do they serve and how are they changing (some from book)?Temples “house of the guru”, ceremonies are performed, no longer sit in chairs, no longer ave to tae shoes off or cover cut hair, signs of Americanization.- What is/are langar?term used in the Sikh religion for common kitchen/canteen where food is served in a Gurdwara to all thevisitors (without distinction of background) for free.- Do all Sikh men keep kesh (wear turbans, beards, and kirpan)? How about all women? No, not all.- What are some religious & traditional norms in regards to things like practice, diet, gender relations, caste policies, holidays, etc.? (keep in mind there might be a range or nuance to some of these answers)Orthodox Sikhs usually vegetarian & no alcohol. Worship through prayer & meditation & righteous behaviors. Prayers private or communal. Western countries: Sikhs usually attend services at temple/gurdwara on Sundays. Langar- more fun part, the communal meal. Believe in cycle of life/rebirth (samsara), in laws of karma, world is veiled in illusion (maya), that humans must cultivate righteous behavior (dharma), believe in angels/other minor/semidevine beings.- What has general Sikh history in the homeland been like? (Hint: it has affected their identity and religious garb)- What happened in 1857? How were Sikhs involved, specifically? (See Hinduism notes)India Mutiny/War of Indian Independence. Sikh princes backed the British EIC by providing soldiers and support.Nder british rule= Sikhs first class, then muslims, then hindus.- What happened in 1919? (it was bad)Amristar massacre, british indian army killed about 1,000 civilians in Punjab region when they were participating in annual celebration, religious ceremony, etc.- What happened in 1947? (also bad. I mean, good in one way but bad for Sikhs)Partition of IndiaWhat is Partition? (Possibly related to above question)Formation of Pakistan. Muslims demand their own nation saying they aren’t a minority- Pakistan forms. Lots of Bloodshed. They vote- both muslims and Sikhs want division of provinces.- What happened in 1984? (a couple of events, including “Operation Blue Star” from short video in class. Related to why Sikhs were banned from being royal bodyguards for a couple of decades)? - From film “Bend it Like Beckham”:o Who was Jessminder Bhamra, Jules Paxton, Joe?o What was the main issue facing the main character? Secondary