Cognitive Psychology Exam 2 Practice QuestionsChapter 5: The three structural components of the modal model of memory area. receptors, occipital lobe, temporal lobe.b. receptors, temporal lobe, frontal lobe.c. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.d. sensory memory, iconic memory, rehearsal.ANS: CThe conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was thata. chess masters outperform novices in all conditions.b. chess masters have developed better memory skills than novices.c. novices do better because they are not distracted by irrelevant knowledge aboutprevious chess games.d. chess masters use chunking to help them remember actual game arrangements.ANS: DLamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembersthe names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar’s experience demonstratesa. The phonological similarity effectb. A build-up and release of proactive interferencec. The cocktail party phenomenond. A partial-report procedureANS: BArticulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect becausea. saying “the, the, the” fills up the phonological loop.b. saying “la, la, la” forces participants to use visual encoding.c. talking makes the longer words seem even longer.d. elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information into LTM.ANS: AChapter 6:Loss of memory for things that have happened in the past is known asa. anterograde amnesia.b. retrograde amnesia.c. the primacy effect.d. the serial effect.ANS: BAn example of a dissociation is evidenced by a brain-injured patient whoa. shows a significantly reduced digit span.b. cannot recognize either familiar faces or familiar voices.c. exhibits a recency effect but no primacy effect.d. shows evidence for deeper processing and shallow processing.ANS: CThe following statement represents what kind of memory? “The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s.”a. Episodicb. Semanticc. Procedurald. ImplicitANS: BAn item on an implicit memory test would most likely resemble which of the following?a. "Report the first word that you associate with TREE."b. "Explain your earliest personal memory that relates to TREE."c. "Which of the following words is related to "plant," TREE or SHOE."d. "Fill in the following with the first word that comes to mind: T _ _ E."ANS: DChapter 7:According to your text, imagery enhances memory becausea. research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response.b. the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words.c. imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.d. pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.ANS: CIn Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating thea. spacing effect.b. generation effect.c. cued recall effect.d. multiple trace hypothesis.ANS: BPeople often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of thehouse to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle ofa. the self-reference effect.b. maintenance rehearsal.c. levels of processing theory.d. encoding specificity.ANS: DStudents, beware! Research shows that _____ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.a. organizationb. highlightingc. making up questions about the materiald. feedbackANS: BChapter 8:Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers show that ____ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.a. peer-group experiencesb. academic challengesc. the sophomore yeard. transition pointsANS: DYour text argues that the proper procedure for measuring the accuracy of flashbulb memories is a. source monitoring.b. scripting.c. repeated recall.d. pre-cueing.ANS: CJacoby’s experiment, in which participants made judgments about whether they hadpreviously seen the names of famous and non-famous people, found that inaccuratememories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay ofa. one week.b. 24 hours.c. one hour.d. one month.ANS: BYour friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside thedishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchena. source memory.b. episodic memory.c. schema.d. scan technique.ANS: