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IUB PSY-P 101 - Psychology Final

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P101 ThomassenFinal Exam Study GuideCumulativeThe final exam is cumulative, over the whole course. It is 55 questions, and it is mandatory (that is, this score cannot be dropped), and the registrar has already set the time slot, as discussed in the syllabus, and at the beginning of the semester. You will have the standard 75 minute class period to complete the exam (the registrar blocks out 2 hours for all finals; we only use the first 75 minutes, like a usual class period). About 2/3 of the exam should be familiar to you. Suggestions: review past exams study guides. Skim your notes to remind yourself of basic concepts, take the online quizzes for previous chapters. Your completed reading questions provide a great review of the text, so that you needn’t re-read the text, except for concept summary boxes, and so forth. It is suggested that you attend the review session, as well. See Oncourse announcements first if you have any questions. One third, and possibly up to one half, of the final exam is devoted to material since the last exam – that is, Motivation and Emotion, and Intelligence and Testing. For this portion of the exam, as for all of the exam, you are responsible for everything covered in class or assigned.The following are some of the topics covered in class and from the text with which you should be familiar. This is merely a guide, and in no way guarantees that you will be asked questions about this material, or that all of this material will necessarily be on the exam. There may be material on the exam that is not on the list, as well. As usual, try to answer the questions before you look them up.Here is a review of other areas from this semester that you should know:1) Intro: Know what Psychology is, what psychologists do, and know the historical tradition of Psychology: the three big schools, and the cognitive revolution, the primary understandings or developments for each, and the type of research conducted. Psychology: Philosophy + Physiology. “psyche”-inner spirit, “ology”-scientific study, originally the study of the mind, scientific study of behavior and the mind. Scientific: Based on observation (falsifiable). Psychologists are engaged in the scientific study of behavior and mind, but if you’re a psychologist, where do you work, and what kinds of specific problems are you tracking? How do you actually earn a living? This makes up for three kinds of psychologists, clinical, applied, and research. Structuralism: An early school of psychology: Structuralists tried to understand the mind by breaking it down into basic parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound (Wilhelm Wundt).Functionalism: An early school of psychology: functionalists believed that the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to final analyze their function and purpose (William James).Behaviorism: A school of psychology proposing that only the proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience. (John Watson)Cognitive Revolution: The shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950’s, characterizedby renewed interests in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes2) History: important people, the historical development of the disciplineWilhelm Wundt (Structuralists): “Father of Psychology,” the very first psychologist’s lab opened in 1897 at the University of Lepzig (Germany). Philosophy professor with background in physiology advocated scientific techniques for studying mental processes. Main focus: immediate conscious experience (content of the mind as known through this). Goal: to know the elements of the mind, what constitutes the mind.William James (Functionalist):John Watson (Behaviorist): Tichner: Analyzed elements of sensation and feelings William Lowe Bryan: Lab opened in 1888, only 9 years after Wundt’s, a student of Ebbinghaus, and Stanley HallSigmund Freud: Physician, physical ills with psychological origins, unconscious drives/motivations, emphasis on childhood.3) Research: basic terms and process of scientific investigation, variables, measurement, and statistics. Recognize the basics of conducting psychological research, including study design and ethical requirements. Understand correlations, and the types of statistics used, and their purpose.READ NOTES 4) Physiology: Know the basic parts and functions of the neuron, the 3 types of neurons andwhat they do, and how information is transferred within and across neurons. Be familiar with the basic anatomy and function of the brain.Neurons are identified by direction of transmitted information. Sensory (Afferent): Toward the central nervous system. Motor (Efferent): Away from the central nervous system, S.A.M.E.Dendrites: Tree-like structures that extend from the body of the soma that acts as the primaryreceptive parts of the neuron. They take messages from the previous terminal buttons and carry the massage away, down the axon to be sent to the next neuron.Soma: The main body of the cell (also known a the metabolic center), where genetic material is stored. It is also where signals from other dendrites are joined and passed on, and are used to maintain the cell and keep the neuron functional.Axon Cells: Transmit signals from the dendrites toward the terminal buttons to be passed on to the next neuronMyelin Sheath: Protects the axon as well as speeds up the transmission messages from neuron to neuronTerminal Buttons: They release chemicals that pass the “message” onto the next neuronSynapse: The gap between the terminal buttons and the dendrites of the next neuron.Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system. Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. Interneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system.Brain: Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system is composed of 2 parts. The somatic nervous system, which is consciously, perceived sensations, excitation of skeletal muscle motor to produce conscious, voluntary movements. The autonomic nervous system (regulated by the hypothalamus, and brain stem). Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glandular secretion. Output (efferent process of 2 types: sympathetic (fight or flight,


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IUB PSY-P 101 - Psychology Final

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