Exam Review 1. Difference between demographics and demographic profile demographics is the data, demographic profile is how you address/use it. It combines audience background and stats. Chapter 1: Foundation of communication ● Define communication (Explain the three parts) 1. Communication is a process. It’s ongoing, irreversible, and systematic. 2. Communication is the stimulation of meaning (not the transfer of meaning) When people communicate we do not put meanings into another person’s mind, like dropping a letter into a postoffice box. Instead, our communication stimulates the other person to create meaning. 3. Communication is both verbal and nonverbal. In facetoface encounter, the verbal and nonverbal components are inherently intertwined. ● Explain the eight propositions about interpersonal communication 1. Communication has both verbal and nonverbal components. Verbal component consists of the words people speak when communicating with others. Nonverbal component is everything other than words people use when communicating. In a facetoface encounter, the nonverbal components may include things like gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, body positions, tones of voice, and all the environmental variables that surround people when we talk. 2. You cannot NOT communicate Communication has both verbal and nonverbal aspects, and it occurs with or without you intending it, you communicate even when you do not think you are. Absence of talk can clearly communicate a message. Nonverbal components can reveal that maybe you are in a bad mood, sad, upset, shy, etc. Communication occurs whether you intend to send a message or not—and whether the person receiving the message believes you sent the message intentionally or unintentionally. 3. Communication expresses both content and relationship The content aspect message of a message is the substantive information it conveys to listeners. The relationship aspect of a message conveys affective, emotional information—information that leads listeners to think that the speaker likes or dislikes them and that the speaker is interested or uninterested in them or their relationship. EX: An instructor has a sarcastic and cynical tone as she announced something. What would you think? Probably that she does not like you, or she’s in a bad mood, or perhaps feels that you are not interested in starting the class. 4. Meanings are in people Meaning is not transmitted from one person to another; rather, it is stimulated by one person in another. Most people are aware that people sometimes need to carefully craft their language and their behavior to make sure that their meanings are clearly conveyed People listening to your words or observing your behaviors will take away meanings that are different than those you intend. 5. Communication is irreversible. Whatever we say or do cannot be erased. Communication is a tool that you can use to create problems as well as to solve them 6. Communication is a neutral tool Communication is neither good nor bad. 7. Communication is a learned skill Communication is a learned skill, not a natural ability. Those with more experience and more practice are often far better communicators than those who lack the experience or practice. People who communicate constantly assume that they are both competent performers and knowledgeable about what it is they do. But even if you see and do something every day, it does not necessarily mean that you truly understand it or can remember basic aspects of it. 8. Communication takes place in physical and psychological contexts ● Discuss the verbal and nonverbal components of communication 1. Substituting using gestures to replace verbal communication 2. Complementing using gestures to add depth to verbal communication(tell story about an allnighter and slump over and look very tired) 3. Accenting using nonverbal communication to highlight a portion of a verbal message 4. Repeating using nonverbal gestures to repeat or second your words(Pointing out the directions as you say them?) 5. Regulating using nonverbal gestures to help the pace and flow of the conversation 6. Contradicting when the nonverbal gestures don’t match the verbal words ● Understand how communication expresses content and relationships. a. Content substantive information it conveys to the listeners b. Relationship the aspect conveys affective, emotional info info that leads the listener to believe the speaker likes/dislikes them and that the speaker is interested/uninterested in them ● Explain the different components of the model of interpersonal communication a. Source encodes meaning and sends to receiver who decodes message b. Message sent through a channel but is interrupted by both internal and external noise c. Environment= external noise d. Both the source and the receiver send feedback to each other Chapter 2: Working with teams ● Explain the difference between a team and a group ○ Teams are differentiated from groups by having clarity about goals, roles, rules and interpersonal coordination, and the best teams are especially clear about these variables. Groups are like several friends who go out to eat on a Friday night. ● Identify and define the various types of leadership styles and team roles. ○ Transformational leaders: Motivate others through connecting their workers to a greater ideal such as a social cause or a company’s values. This sort of leader is usually charismatic and does not rely on punishment or reward to motivate his or her followers. ○ Transactional Leaders: Offer their followers concrete exchanges. They offer money, grades, or poweror they withhold them to get workers to participate. ○ Authoritarian Leadership: The head of the group has the ultimate say. Little to no consideration of what the group wants. (Dictatorship) ○ Laissezfaire Leadership: (Delegative leadership) allows workers high freedom in determining what they will do. This leadership style could be considered handsoff. ○ Democratic leadership: leaders incorporate input from the group before making a decision. ■ Team Roles ● Task Leader: Appointed or naturally emerged within the
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