Slide 1Sutherland: Differential Association TheorySutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSlide 7Sutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland’s Propositions of Differential AssociationSutherland:Differential Association TheorySutherland:Differential Association TheoryEdwin H. Sutherland (1883 – 1950)Donald R. Cressey (1919 – 1987)Mechanistic/Situational TheoryHistorical/Genetic TheoryPropositional TheoryDeductive TheorySutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association1. Criminal behavior is learned.Sutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association2. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication. Communication of GesturesSutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association3. The principle part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.CopresenceConformityDifferential AssociationSutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes:(a) techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very complicated, sometimes very simple.The Professional Thief (1937)(b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.Linguistic ConstructsRationalizationSutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association5. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.Differential Social OrganizationThorstein Sellin: Culture Conflict.Differentiation of Modern Societies.Individualism“Under such conditions the significance of laws becomes relative: some are obeyed and others are not, depending on whether on ‘believes in’ them.”(Sutherland and Cressey (1960:86)Horizontal MobilitySutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association6. A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law.Sutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association7. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.Sutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association8. The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning.Sutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association9. While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those general needs and values since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values.Needs,ValuesCrimeConformitySutherland’sPropositions of Differential Association8. The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other
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