Materials Provided for CHEM 116 Final ExamConstants:1 amu = 1.66×1024 g me = 9.11×1028 gN = 6.022×1023/mol mn = 1.675×1024 ge = 1.60×1019 C mp = 1.673×1024 gR = 0.08205 Latm/molK k = 1.38×1023 J/KR = 8.314 Pam3/molK h = 6.63×1034 JsF = 9.65×104 C/mol e = 3.14Å = 1010 m c = 2.99793×108 m/sTable of Thermodynamic Properties(at standard state conditions)ChemicalΔHf(kJ/mol)ΔGf(kJ/mol)S(J/mol·K) ChemicalΔHf(kJ/mol)ΔGf(kJ/mol)S(J/mol·K)Ag(s) 0 0 42.55 CH3COCH3(l) −246.8 −153.6 198.7Ag+(aq) 105.90 77.11 73.93 CO(g) −110.5 −137.2 197.9AgCl(s) −127.0 −109.7 96.11 CO2(g) −393.5 −394.4 213.6AgNO3(s) −124.4 −33.41 140.9 CS2(l) 89.0 64.6 151.3Ag2S(s) −32.6 −40.7 140.9Cl2(g) 0 0 223.0Al(s) 0 0 28.32 Cl−(aq) −167.2 −131.2 56.5AlCl3(s) −705.6 −630.0 109.3 HCl(g) −92.30 −95.27 186.7Al2O3(s) −1670 −1577 51.0Cu(s) 0 0 33.30Ba(s) 0 0 63.2 CuCl2(s) −205.9 −161.7 108.1BaCO3(s) −1216 −1138 112.1 CuO(s) −156.1 −128.3 42.59BaO(s) −553.5 −525.1 70.42 Cu2O(s) −170.7 −147.9 92.36BaCl2(s) −855.0 −806.7 123.7 CuS(s) −48.5 −49.0 66.5BaSO4(s) −1473 −1362 132.2 CuSO4(s) −770.0 −661.9 113.4Be(s) 0 0 9.44 F2(g) 0 0 202.7BeO(s) −608.4 −579.1 13.77 F−(aq) −332.6 −278.8 −13.8Be(OH)2(s) −905.8 −817.9 50.21 HF(g) −268.6 −270.7 173.5Br2(l) 0 0 152.3 Fe(s) 0 0 27.15Br2(g) 30.71 3.14 245.3 FeCl2(s) −341.8 −302.3 117.9Br−(aq) −120.9 −102.8 80.71 FeCl3(s) −400 −334 142.3HBr(g) −36.23 −53.22 198.5 FeO(s) −271.9 −255.2 60.75Fe2O3(s) −822.2 −741 89.96Ca(s) 0 0 41.4 Fe3O4(s) −1118 −1015 146.4CaCO3(s) −1207 −1129 92.88 FeS2(s) −171.5 −160.1 52.92CaCl2(s) −795.8 −748.1 104.6CaF2(s) −1220 −1167 68.87 H2(g) 0 0 130.6CaO(s) −635.5 −604.2 39.75 H+(aq) 0 0 0Ca(OH)2(s) −986.2 −898.5 83.4 H2O(g) −241.8 −228.6 188.8CaSO4(s) −1434 −1322 106.7 H2O(l) −285.8 −237.1 69.91H2O2(l) −187.8 −120.4 109.6C(s, graphite) 0 0 5.69C(s, diamond) 1.88 2.84 2.43 Hg(l) 0 0 77.40CCl4(l) −139.3 −68.6 214.4 Hg(g) 60.83 31.76 174.9CF4(g) −680.0 −635.1 262.3 HgCl2(s) −230.1 −184.0 144.5CH4(g) −74.8 −50.8 186.3 HgS(s) −58.16 −48.8 77.8C2H2(g) 226.8 209.2 200.8C2H4(g) 52.30 68.11 219.4 I2(s) 0 0 116.7C2H6(g) −84.68 −32.89 229.5 I2(g) 62.25 19.37 260.6C3H8(g) −103.9 −23.47 269.9 I−(aq) −55.19 −51.57 111.3C4H10(g) −124.7 −15.71 310.0 HI(g) 25.94 1.30 206.3C4H10(l) −147.6 −15.0 231.0C6H6(l) 82.9 129.7 269.2 K(s) 0 0 64.67CH3OH(l) −238.6 −166.2 126.8 KBr(s) −392.2 −379.2 96.4C2H5OH(l) −277.7 −174.8 160.7 KCl(s) −435.9 −408.3 82.7C6H12O6(s) −1273 −910.4 212.1 KClO3(s) −391.2 −289.9 143.0C12H22O11(s) −2222 −1544 360.2 KI(s) −327.7 −322.3 104.4CHOOH(l) −409.2 −346.0 129.0 K2CO3(s) −1150 −1065 155.4CH3COOH(l) −487.0 −392.4 159.8 KNO3(s) −492.7 −393.1 132.9HCN(l) 108.9 125.0 112.8 KOH(s) −424.7 −378.9 78.91CH3CN(l) 40.6 86.5 149.6 KOH(aq) −482.4 −440.5 91.6ChemicalΔHf(kJ/mol)ΔGf(kJ/mol)S(J/mol·K) ChemicalΔHf(kJ/mol)ΔGf(kJ/mol)S(J/mol·K)Li(s) 0 0 29.09 P4(s, white) 0 0 41.08Li+(aq) −278.5 −273.4 12.2 P4(s, red) −17.46 −12.03 22.85LiCl(s) −408.3 −384.0 59.30 PCl3(g) −288.1 −269.6 311.7Li(OH)(s) −487.2 −443.9 50.2 PF5(g) −1594 −1521 300.8PH3(g) 5.4 13.4 210.2Mg(s) 0 0 32.51 P4O10(s) −2940 −2675 228.9MgCl2(s) −641.6 −592.1 89.6 H3PO4(aq) −1288 −1143 158.2MgCO3(s) −1113 −1029 65.69MgO(s) −601.8 −569.6 26.8 Pb(s) 0 0 68.85Mg(OH)2(s) −924.7 −833.7 63.24 PbBr2(s) −277.4 −260.7 161MgSO4(s) −1278 −1174 91.6 PbCl2(s) −359.2 −314.0 136.4PbCO3(s) −699.1 −625.5 131.0Mn(s) 0 0 32.0 Pb(NO3)2(aq) −421.3 −246.9 303.3MnO2(s) −519.6 −464.8 53.14 PbS(s) −94.3 −92.68 91.2PbSO4(s) −918.4 −811.2 147.3Ni(s) 0 0 29.9NiCl2(s) −305.3 −259.0 97.65 S(s, rhombic) 0 0 31.88NiO(s) −239.7 −211.7 37.99 SO2(g) −296.9 −300.4 248.5NiS(s) −82.0 −79.5 53.0 SO3(g) −395.2 −370.4 256.2SO42−(aq) −909.3 −744.5 20.1N2(g) 0 0 191.5 H2SO4(aq) −909.3 −744.5 20.1NH3(aq) −80.29 −26.50 111.3 H2S(g) −20.17 −33.10 205.6NH3(g) −46.19 −16.66 192.5NH4+(aq) −132.5 −79.31 113.4 Sr(s) 0 0 54.39N2H4(g) 95.40 159.4 238.5 SrCl2(s) −828.4 −781.1 117.2NH4Cl(s) −314.4 −203.0 94.6 SrCO3(s) −1218 −1138 97.07NH4NO3(s) −365.6 −184.0 151 SrSO4(s) −1445 −1334 121.8NO(g) 90.37 86.71 210.6NO2(g) 33.84 51.84 240.5 Zn(s) 0 0 41.6N2O(g) 81.6 103.6 220.0 ZnCl2(s) −415.9 −369.3 108.4N2O4(g) 9.66 98.28 304.3 ZnS(s) −202.9 −198.3 57.7HNO3(g) −134.3 −73.94 266.4 ZnSO4(s) −978.6 −871.6 124.7HNO3(l) −174.1 −80.7 155.6Na(s) 0 0 51.45Na+(aq) −240.1 −261.9 59.0NaBr(s) −361.4 −349.3 86.82NaBr(aq) −360.6 −364.7 141.0NaCl(s) −410.9 −384.0 72.33NaCl(aq) −407.1 −393.0 115.5NaClO3(s) −365.8 −262.3 123.4NaClO4(s) −383.3 −254.9 142.3Na2CO3(s) −1131 −1048 136.0NaHCO3(s) −947.7 −851.8 102.1NaN3(s) 21.7 93.8 96.9NaNO3(s) −467.9 −367.0 116.5NaNO3(aq) −446.2 −372.4 207NaOH(s) −425.6 −379.5 64.46NaOH(aq) −469.6 −419.2 49.8Na2SO4(s) −1387 −1270 149.6O2(g) 0 0 205.0O3(g) 142.3 163.4 237.6OH−(aq) −230.0 −157.3 −10.7Table of Dissociation Constants for Acids and Bases (data adapted from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th edition)Weak acidsWeak acids typically donates a hydrogen ion to solution as demonstrated by the reaction:Ka is the equilibrium acid dissociation constant defined as:The pKa is then defined as log(Ka). Polyprotic acids list the successive ionization steps under the “step”column.Inorganic acids(listed alphabetically)Formula step pKaOrganic acids (listed by carbon number)Formula step pKaarsenic acid H3AsO41 2.26 formic acid CH2O21 3.752 6.76 acetic acid C2H4O21 4.763 11.29 acetic acid, fluoro- C2H3FO21 2.59boric acid H3BO31 9.27 acetic acid, chloro- C2H3ClO21 2.87carbonic acid H2CO31 6.35 acetic acid, bromo- C2H3BrO21 2.902 10.33 acetic acid, iodo- C2H3IO21 3.18chloric acid group acetic acid, trifluoro- C2HF3O21 0.52hypochlorous acid HClO 1 7.40 acetic acid, trichloro- C2HCl3O21 0.66chlorous acid HClO21 1.94 acetic acid, nitro- C2H3NO41 1.48chloric acid HClO31 strong acetic acid, cyano- C3H3NO21 2.47perchloric acid HClO41 strong oxalic acid C2H2O41 1.25chromic acid H2CrO41 0.74 2 3.812 6.49 acrylic acid C3H4O21 4.25hydrocyanic acid HCN 1 9.21 pyruvic acid C3H4O31