Geography 5 Review for Midterm STUDY HARD Thanks Class Lectures Did the Greeks know the earth was round How three ways Biome Where is it Why is it there Plant adaptations Do we have it in California Conservation Status Tundra or Alpine Boreal Forest Temperate Deciduous Forests Temperate Grassland Mediterranean Scrub WHERE ARE THEY 5 places Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Dry Forest Tropical Savanna Desert Hot and Cold Orographic Precipitation Rain shadow ITCZ Inter Tropical Convergence Zone Epiphytes Lianas How are plants adapted to the Mediterranean climate How are Mediterranean plants adapted to fire Origin of People and YOU Know the order of your ancestors DNA Adenine thymine and cytosine guanine AT and CG short TA CG CG AT GC Eve age mitochondrial DNA Adam age Y Chromosome Megafauna Paul Martin s Overkill or Munch Hypothesis What are 5 Megafauna that used to be in LA Megafauna in OZ Learn 5 big extinct species New Zealand 1 000 years ago Moa and Mauri Island Gigantism and Dwarfism Examples 1650 billion 1820 1 billion 1930 2 billion Grandparents 1975 4 billion 2000 6 billion 2011 7 billion Thomas Malthus Theory How have family planning programs changed to Now local women access based What happen to Cuba Agriculture after the Soviet Union dissolved Current Status of Population by Region Awesome Places Bad Places Measles Tuberculosis Cattle Flu Pigs and ducks HIV AID Monkey PHV Venereal warts Statistical Fact 30 to 50 in US Urban area 80 Herpes 20 and Syphilis less then 1 HIV AIDS 1 in 300 people US Agriculture Where from How grown Ecological Impact Spices Cloves Potato Solanum tuberosum Sugar Saccharum officinarum Cacao Theobroma cacao The food of the Gods Aztec name Tea Camellia sinensis Coffee Coffea arabica Organic Shade Coffee Rubber Tree Hevea brasiliensis Bananas Musa spp Orange Citrus sp Apples Kiwi China Watermelon Africa Cerals Maize Zea mays Wheat Triticum Rice Oryza sativa Pineapple Ananas cosmsus Orange Citrus sp where from Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum Coco Erthroxylum coca Coca is first in calories protein carbohydrates fiber Rich in calcium phosphorous iron vitamin A and E How do you make a zombie Number 1 cash Crop in California Exports from California Big Five Crops in Cali Genetically Modified Food Franken Food Good things about it What is Ethnobotany What did the California Indians use it for BE ABLE TO Match the use to the name Oaks Quercus sp USE Acorns were the primary food source for a number of California Indians Acorns were collected leached with water in stream and basket to remove tannins Wine then heated with rocks for mush Elderberry Sambucus sp USE One of the richest sources of vitamin C Stems used for arrow shaft and flutes Raw berry can cause nausea but dried or cooked are OK Laurel Sumac Rhus sp USE Indians would use the leave as mosquito repellent Lemonade Berry Rhus intergrifolia has berries that are soaked and hairs removed to make pink lemonade Yucca Our Lords Candle Yucca sp USE The leaves are very strong and used for water proof baskets The leaves were used as a needle and thread to make clothes and homes The root is used for soap Cactus Opuntia sp USE The red fruits are edible but watch for very small spines The green leaf can be cooked and eaten and is still commonly done in LA Willow Salix sp USE The leave of willow is what they make asprin from and the Indians would chew them for toothaches California Buckeye USE The seeds were ground to a fine dust and put in the stream to catch fish California Coastal Sage Artemesia californica USE Burned for ceremonial reasons Temperate Forest Policy in the US 1891 Forest Reserve Act 1960 Multiple Use and Sustained Use Act Five things 1964 Wilderness Act What is Clear cutting 4 things Problems with clear cutting 4 things United States Department of Agriculture National Forest Service Department of the Interior National Park Service BLM US Fish and Wildlife Land ownership Private Non profit Native America State and Local Federal 55 3 7 35 1 3 Billion dollar lost a year in the 80 s How do these groups protect forest Nature Conservancy Sierra Club Earth First ELF Redwood Tallest Tree Today 96 cut 4 left 2 private 2 federal or state Sequoias Largest Tree Ancient Bristle Cone Pine Oldest Tree 4 800 years How have forests changed in the West over the last 100 years Roadless Areas highways in U S logging roads in U S Fire Policy Problems Choices Why are urban trees good and bad Million Trees LA What is it Three things that define old growth forest What is going on with Forests in Canada Oregon California and Sumatra Based on Landsat Tropical Vegetation Types Why Tropical Forest lost over the last 50 years Subsistence Agriculture Commercial Agriculture Forest Fires in the Tropics Fuel Wood Living fences Timber Mahogany in South America Forest Fragmentation Selective Extinction Species area relationship Non native invasions Biodiversity Hotspots What Where Why Interesting Watch World s Most Endangered Forest on You Tube and answer the below What is the world most endangered forest Why is New Caledonia interesting in a botanical sense What is the crested iguana of Fiji and why is it important What is interesting about Native Fijian and Indo Fijians How do you reconstruct vegetation from Hawaii What can be done to reforest the world s most endangered forest of trees on Endangered Species list from worlds most endangered forest Grassland History Evolved Ecocene 37 mil new school radiation of mammals herbivores What are native California grasses and grasslands like What are non native grasses and grasslands like Buffalo Old Megafauna that survived 1800 68 million Herd 25 miles 1870 1875 2 5 million buffalo killed annually 1883 the last large herd containing about 10 000 buffalo was slaughtered 1890 less than 1000 buffalo remained in the U S Today 200 000 exist in public and private herds in the U S and Canada Vernal Pools Historic Central Valley Riverside San Diego Central Valley hard pan Depressions hold water Winter rains and pond Dries Rings of different color plants Rainbow 200 sp vernal places Endemic Impact Oak Woodlands Oaks in Grasslands 20 sp Half endemic MAP Section Latitude Equator and Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn Long Points lines up Make Sure to Include Nice Outline of Continents South East America Baja and Florida Cuba N America and South America lined up properly SE America Hudson Bay Greenland Europe and Africa Lined UP Madagascar Three Peninsulas Saudi India Malaysia Two Gulfs Red Sea and