In hemoglobin the first two oxygens bind ________ than the last two, thereby generating an overall _____________ shaped binding curve.=less tightly, sigmoidalwhen oxygen bind to myoglobin or hemoglobins, the heme group _____________=flattens outThe word “positive” in “positive cooperativity” refers to __________=goodBinding of DPG decreases bind of O2 to Hb. In the lungs this is a _____effect. In the muscles this is a _____________effect. With respect to O2 transport efficiency, the net effect is_________.=lungs- small bad; muscles- large good; net- goodIn order to bind DPG more weakly in the fetus (so O2 is bound more strongly than in the mother,) the adult DPG binding site is mutated to make it__________positivie in the fetus. The mutation is____________.=less, his(adult)->ser(fetus)An adult living at high altitude adjusts to these conditions by__________.=increasing the DPG in bloodSickled red blood cells contain fibers of ___________.=HbAZT is a ___________ inhibitor of the AIDS virus enzyme called reverse ____________.=competitive- transcriptaseDuring attack of the substrate’s peptide C=O group by chymotrypsin’s active site, electrons move from the C=O double bond to the oxygen. The product is stabilized by several nearby NH groups on the enzyme. This site is called_____________.=oxyanion holeSome enzymes are regulated by phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation. An example of a type of amino acid which may be phosphorylated is____________.=TyrWhen using a competitive inhibitor(I), Michaelis-Menton curbes obtained in the presence of I will show __________V-max as when I is absent. =the sameThe general form of the Michaelis-Menton equation is:V-init=[k-cat E-tot S-init] / [S-init+Km]=V-init= V-maxWhen you start with E and S in the reaction series given below,E+S <-> ES <->EP<->E+P, the species whose concentration is approximately zero at all times is=EPThe angle phi which is a part of the Ramachandran plot is an angle formed by _________ atoms.=4DHAP contained a three-carbon chain. It includes _________ phosphate group(s) attached at __________.= #1 the end carbonOne of the hydrophobicity scales is based on the delta-G for transfer of an amino acid from water to octanol. In this scale, leucine is assigned a ___________value and lysine is assigned a _____________value.=negative , positiveMature insulin is a protein with ___________chain(s) and _________disulfides.=2 , 3The Bowman-Burk double-headed protease inhibitor binds__________.=one trypsin and one chymotrypsinAn example of a strong nucleophile is a __________.=deprotonated serine O:-Trypsin has a substrate binding pocket. The bottom of that pocket is line with a (an) __________ that is part of trypsin itself. Note: this asks about the surface of the enzume,not the substrate. =aspChymotrypsin cuts a peptide bond between two atoms, one of which is the _________ of _____________ amino acids.=backbone C=O carbon, nonpolarThe protein alanyl-glycyl-leucyl-glycyl-alanine contains five amino acids connected by four backbone amide (peptide) bonds. It therefore is a __________.=pentapeptideThe extra electron density contributing to the partial double bond character of the peptide bond comes from the __________.= NH nitrogenThe “level” of protein structure involving repetition of a particular choice of phi and psy angles is ______________structure.=secondaryThe number of residues per repeating pattern of backbone structure for the BETA SHEET is _____________.=2.0The hydrogen bonds in a pure antiparallel sheet are _________ hydrogen bonds in a pure parallel sheet.=stronger thanIn a long alpha helix, the groups which participate in H-bonds of the alpha helix is the LAST four residues at the END (C-terminus) of the helix are ___________, so in this region proteins are = NH groups, disfavoredThe term “regular” structure refers to a structure which____________.=is constructed by repetition of a particular pattern of H-bonds or dihedral