PSY 1001UMNSpring 2015Beauty and Necessity of Good Research DesignChapter 2Quiz and Answers1. While playing poker with his friends, Matthew scratches his right leg before winning a very big hand. He decides that scratching his right leg will be his "lucky gesture," and for a long time scratches his right leg with every hand that is dealt. This silly superstition violates which rules of critical thinking?a. Correlation versus Causation2. Brittany, a softball player who plays catcher for the local college, has thrown out base stealers at a 42, 39, and 41 percent rate over her three years. Her performance could be considered which of the following?a. Reliable3. Two variables are said to be correlated when score on one variablea. Are related to scores on the second variable4. When assessing patients' personalities using an "ink blot" test that she created, Dr. Hardcastle is gaining confidence in the test's reliability. Which of the following is likely to be happening?a. The test is generating approximately the same results each time5. Jason was conducting an evaluation of a restaurant waitress. He sat at the table with a listof things to observe in front of him, and the waitress noticed that he was assessing her every move. He noticed that she began acting more professionally around him, was friendlier, and gave him extra attention. Why would Jason have been better off using naturalistic observation for this assessment?a. So that his observations would not have changed the waitress’s behaviors6. Alex, a freshman in college, wants to know how many of her dormmates have tried marijuana, so she decides to survey everyone on her floor. Despite rumors to the contrary, the results suggest that fewer than ten percent of her classmates have tried the drug. What isthe most likely explanation for her findings?a. People often distort their answers or fail to tell the complete truth when surveyed7. Which of the following is one of the primary benefits of the case study method of conducting research?a. They can be helpful in providing existence proofs8. Dr. Johansen randomly assigned subjects to three different groups during her last experiment. She then proceeded to give all the participants in the experiment a new study technique designed to enhance their learning for the upcoming test. What critical error did she make during her experiment?a. She failed to include a control groupPSY 1001UMNSpring 20159. Once controlled research studies were conducted on the effectiveness of prefrontal lobotomies, they were discovered to bea. Virtually useless10. Several years ago the NBA (National Basketball Association) introduced a new style of basketball to the players. After several months, many players complained that they did not like the "feel" of the new ball. Based on this scenario, what constitutes the control?a. The original ball the players were used