Slide 1KEY DEFINITIONSSTATE ANXIETYAROUSALSTRESSATTENTION-Where your focus is!ATTENTION EXAMPLESREINFORCEMENTAROUSAL AND PERFORMANCEINFLUENCING FACTORSVARIATIONS OF INVERTED-UVARIATIONSMENTAL IMAGERYCHAPTER 8PSYCHOLOGY OF ATHLETIC PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCEKEY DEFINITIONS•ANXIETY- THE EXPERIENCE OF APPREHENSION AND UNCONTROLLED AROUSAL•AROUSAL- THE INTENSITY OF BEHAVIOR OR PHYSIOLOGY•ATTENTION- THE PROCESSING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL CUES THAT COME TO AWARENESSSTATE ANXIETY•ACUTE-not present all the time (DIFFERENT FROM TRAIT ANXIETY- A PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTIC)•APPREHENSION/UNCERTAINTY•ELEVATED AUTONOMIC(fight or flight) RESPONSE•INCREASED NEURAL OUTFLOW•INCREASED HORMONE ACTIVITY•CAN HAVE EITHER A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE (stressed state)AROUSAL•ALWAYS PRESENT IN AN INDIVIDUAL•DETECTED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES (HR, BP, EEG, EMG)•OPTIMAL LEVEL DEPENDS ON SEVERAL FACTORS (everyone is going to be different)•AROUSAL FROM STATE ANXIETY IS TYPICALLY NEGATIVE•THREATENED SELF-ESTEEM•PERCIEVED DISCREPENCY BETWEEN ABILITY AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESS•FEAR OF FAILURESTRESS•ANY DISRUPTION FROM CALM/HOMEOSTASIS•CAN BE GOOD-perform better (EUSTRESS) OR BAD (DISTRESS)•EUSTRESS LEADS TO POSITIVE AROUSAL•DISTRESS LEADS TO ANXIETY AND NEGATIVE AROUSALATTENTION-Where your focus is!•THE ATHLETE’S ABILITY TO FOCUS•SELECTIVE ATTENTION- THE ABILITY TO INHIBIT AWARENESS OF SOME STIMULI TO FOCUS ON OTHERSEX: QUARTERBACK TUNING OUT CROWD NOISE AND FOCUSING ON RECIEVERS’ ROUTES•LEARNABLE SKILL•TWO DIMENSIONS: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL, BROAD/NARROWATTENTION EXAMPLES•BROAD/EXTERNAL- QUARTERBACK TAKING A SNAP•NARROW/EXTERNAL- BASKETBALL PLAYER SHOOTING FT’S•BROAD/INTERNAL- RIFLE•NARROW/INTERNAL- SHOTPUTTERREINFORCEMENT•POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT- GIVING PRAISE, PRIZES, AWARDS•HELMET DECALS, T-SHIRTS, PRAISE•NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT- REMOVING SOMETHING AVERSIVE•FEWER SPRINTS AFTER PRACTICE TO REWARD HUSTLE•POSITIVE PUNISHMENT- GIVING SOMETHING AVERSIVE•SPRINTS AFTER PRACTICE FOR LACK OF HUSTLE•NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT- THE REMOVAL OF SOMETHING VALUED•GETTING LESS PLAYING TIMEAROUSAL AND PERFORMANCE•INVERTED-U THEORY- AROUSAL IMPROVES PERFORMANCE UP TO AN OPTIMAL LEVEL, BEYOND WHICH PERFORMANCE BEGINS TO DECLINE•INFLUENCING FACTORS:•SKILL LEVEL•TASK COMPLEXITY•PERSONALITY•TRAIT ANXIETYINFLUENCING FACTORSVARIATIONS OF INVERTED-U•OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING THEORY•NO ONE SET POINT OF OPTIMAL AROUSAL•OPTIMAL AROUSAL FALLS WITHIN A CALCULATED ZONE•ATHLETES CAN DETERMINE IF THEY ARE IN “THE ZONE” AND MAKE A CHANGE IF NEEDED•CATASTROPHE THEORY•PERFORMANCE DOESN’T SLOWLY DECLINE AFTER PASSING OPTIMAL AROUSAL•ATHLETE MAY SUFFER A SEVERE DECLINE AFTER OPTIMAL AROUSAL LEVEL IS PASSEDVARIATIONSMENTAL IMAGERY•COGNITIVE SKILL WHERE ATHLETE USES ALL SENSES TO MENTALLY CREATE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE•Improves confidence•START BASIC, THEN PROGRESS WITH IMAGES/MOVEMENTS•EFFECTIVE•CONFIDENCE•EXPERIENCE SUCCESS•CREATES MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR COMPETITION
View Full Document