DOC PREVIEW
UW-Madison LINGUIS 101 - Final Exam Study Guide
Type Study Guide
Pages 6

This preview shows page 1-2 out of 6 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

MorphologySyntactic Tree drawingOther syntax tasksSemantics and PragmaticsFinal Exam Study Guide(This guide is to help you focus your studying. As usual, anything we covered in class could be on theexam.)The final exam is comprehensive. Make sure that you review material from previous study guides aswell. 2/3 of the points will be from new material (Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics), and 1/3 will be from previous sections (see the previous study guides for important topics). Question format may include linguistic analysis problems, tree drawing, brief essay, short answer, matching, true/false, and multiple choice.Morphology- Be able to break an English word up into its component morphemes, and categorize morphemes in terms of: free/bound, root/suffix/prefix/infix/circumfix, derivational/inflectional• Free morpheme- morpheme that is a word (can stand alone) – ex: dog • Bound morpheme- morpheme that cant stand alone, has to be attached to another morpheme—ex: dog (s) • Root- the semantic core of the word –ex: dehumidifier, humid • Suffix- attached to the end, or the right of the base • Prefix- attached to the front, or left of the base • Infix- attached inside another morpheme –ex; fanfreakintastic • Circumfix- a discontinuous morpheme attached surrounding a base • Derivational – sometimes changes part of speech, changed meaning or word significantly• Inflectional- never changes part of speech, adds grammatical information, but does not change fundamental meaning, English only has 8 and they are all suffixes - Draw morphological word structure trees to represent the morphological composition ofEnglish words- Determine the morphological rule that is used to attach a given morpheme• Re- V• -able V Adj• un- Adj Adj• -ify AV• de- VV• -er VN- Solve a morphological analysis problem (segment out the morphemes in an unfamiliarlanguage)- Identify word formation processes (compounding, affixation, alternation, reduplication,suppletion)• Affixation- form a word by adding a bound affix to base. The base may be a free or bound root, or a complex work. (ex: reson+able  reasonable) • Compounding- form a new word by combining two existing free words (ex: dry(A)+ clean (V)  dryclean) • Reduplication- form a new word by coping and repeating all or part of a base• Total reduplication- repeat the entire base • Partial reduplication- repeat part of a base Linguis 101 1st Edition• Alternation- form a new word by substituting one non-morphemic segment for another (ex: sing—present  sang—past) • Suppletion- irregular word formation process where a morpheme is replaced with an entirely different form (ex: good  better) Syntactic Tree drawing*Phrase Structure rules for English will be provided for your reference on the exam.*Be able to draw syntactic tree structures for the following types of English sentences:- Simple declarative sentences, including all of the phrase types we covered in class (NPs, VPs,PPs, S)- Sentences with embedded clauses (CPs)- Sentences with coordination, either at the XP or X level- Yes/no questions with Aux-to-C movement- Sentences with possessor NPs- For structurally ambiguous sentences, be able to draw two trees and label each with an unambiguous description of the meaningOther syntax tasks- Constituency tests: given a sentence illustrating a constituency test, be able to identify which string of words is being tested, and say what the result of the test implies about constituency• Only constituents can be targeted for certain syntactic proceses, such as substitution and movement (displacement/reordering) • Non constituents cannot be targeted for syntactic processes, since they are not syntactic units • Substitution tests • An NP can be substituted with a pronoun • “the boy with the green hair” left  he left • A VP can be substituted with “do so” • Jack “ate the beans”… and Jill “did so” too • Movement tests • Topic phrase (NP, PP, VP) can be moved to the front of the sentence • Jack met Jill “in the meadow”  “in the meadow” Jack met Jill • Focused phrases can be clefted with “it was focus that..”• Jack met Jill “in the meadow”  it was “in the meadow” that Jack met Jill - C-command: be able to identify the c-command domain of each node in a tree• C-command: a node c-commands its sisters, and all nodes contained inside its sisters - Ungrammaticality: say which principle is violated in a given ungrammatical sentence (PS rules,Selectional restriction, Binding Principle A, or Binding Principle B)• A PS rule could be violated • Selectional restriction of the verb might not be met• BPA- antecedent might not c-command the anaphor • Anaphor – reflexives and reciprocals, himself, herself, ourselves, each otheretc., • BPA- antecedent might be outside minimal S of anaphor • Antecedent- a phrase which gives a pronoun or anaphor its meaning (ex: Connie’s friend ignored her—connie is the antecedent of her) • BPB- antecedent of pronoun might c-command it inside same S- Parameters: given some data from another language, be able to identify the value of the head parameter in that language. Also, be able to draw a tree for a head final language such as Japanese.• Head initial- head of a phrase precedes any arguments • VP V+NP• PP  P+NP• NP N+PP• CP  C+S• S  AUX +VP • Head final- head of a phrase follows any arguments • VP  NP+V• PP  NP+P• NP  PP+N• CP  S+C- Recursion: determine whether or not a set of phrase structure rules displays recursion- Animal Communication: know which design features of human language are shared with all, some, or no animal communication systems• Mode of communication• Semanticity- signals have meaning • Features of all language ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Interchangeability- speakers can both send and receive messages • Cultural transmission- exposure to language is required for development • Arbitrariness- form of signal not directly related to its meaning • Discreteness- decomposable messages • Features of human language and some animal language ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Displacement- can discuss things not present • Productivity- ability to produce infinite messages (recursion) •


View Full Document

UW-Madison LINGUIS 101 - Final Exam Study Guide

Type: Study Guide
Pages: 6
Download Final Exam Study Guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?