PHL 301 1st Edition Lecture 34Outline of Last Lecture I.Relativism and HistoricismII.KnowledgeIII.God is DeadIV.Nietzsche’s ethicsOutline of Current LectureI.Jainist Perspectivisma.Jain metaphysicsb.NonabsolutismII.Ortega y GassetCurrent LectureMahavira’s Jainist Perspectivism is rooted in Jain Metaphysics, which says that if you think you have the absolute truth, you may injure yourself and others, so recognize that you could be wrong. Absolute truth from this view is not impossible, but we should get more perspectives to be more well-rounded and have a closer idea of the truth. We can do this by reading, watching, listening to, asking about, and partaking in the views of others.This leads to the idea of Nonabsolutism, that no one statement captures the truth absolutely. Nothing is true simpliciter. Some views are closer to the absolute truth than others. This also applies to falsehood: anything can appear false from some point of view, but we should respect people regardless. There is something to be learned from even the worst perspective, according to Jainists. Anything we say is true or false syat, or perhaps, in some respect. There is a story about many blind men encountering an elephant. One takes a hold of its tail and thinks that the entire elephant resembles a rope, one runs into its side and thinks that the whole elephant resembles a flat wall, and so on. While all of the blind men are partiallycorrect, the truth about what the elephant is actually like can only be revealed by putting all of their perspectives together. The Jain law of sevenfold predication is that something can be true, false, indeterminate, true and false, true and indeterminate, false and indeterminate, or all three. This requires Pluralism, a humility about the truth.Ortega y Gasset takes his own view on Perspectivism. He says that we can see distinct perspectives at any given time, but we cannot see all of them at once, for only god can do that. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ortega argues against Idealism by saying that the world cannot be mind-dependent because there are hard realities that we encounter, such as lightning storms that we do not want. However, he also finds Realism misleading because how would the mind and world connect? Wouldn’t this facilitate Skepticism? He insists instead that the mind and the world are intertwined. His view, Contextualism, can be summed up as follows: “I am myself and my
View Full Document
Unlocking...