PS 101 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 22 - 27Political Science 101 Final Exam ReviewThe final exam will take place on Monday, May 11th at 9:00 AM (NOT 8:00) inour regular classroom in Buell Hall. There will be no make-up exam option, soplease set your alarms! If you find yourself facing a true emergency, you must contact Professor Sulkin by e-mail or phone prior to the start of the exam. The exam will consist of 40 multiple choice questions (worth one point each) and three essay questions, worth 20 points each. (Your responses to each essay question should be about three blue book pages long.) The multiple choice questions will be drawn from material covered since the last exam. The essays comprise the cumulative part of the exam and will be drawn frommaterial covered throughout the semester. In lecture and discussion section, we will discuss the scope of these questions and offer you some examples.This review sheet is designed to help you organize your studying. As was the case with the review sheets for the earlier exams, this will give you a very good idea of the concepts and topics on which you will be tested. The best strategy is to use these guidelines to target the portions of the lecture notes and text to which you should devote particular attention. It is generally less useful to "fill out" the guide and then study only that. Professor Sulkin and your TAs will all keep our regularly scheduled office hours for the week before finals, and are also available by appointment. Professor Sulkin extra office hours are Thursday May 7 9:00-10:00 am. In addition, your TAs will hold an extra review session on Thursday, May 7 from 1-2:30 in DKH 114. The TAs will also be available in DKH 410 from 8:00-8:45 on Monday May 11, the morning of the exam.Important Topics for StudyPart I--Material from the 2nd Exam to the Present The PresidencyConstitutional requirements to become president1. Must be at least 35 years old2. U.S.-born citizen3. Have lived in the U.S. for a minimum of 14 yearsNature of presidential power and what presidents can do-Constitutional authority: powers derived from the provisions of the Constitution -Statutory authority: additional powers derived from laws enacted by Congress -Presidents can: 1. Make appointments2. Issue executive orders3. Appoint judges, cabinet members3. Commander-in Chief of the military4. Make treaties5. Have legislative power6. Other stuff such as the power to pardon (federal crimes), ceremonial powers to convene or adjourn Congress, and receive ambassadors from other countries -Different types of staff1. Chief of Staff (falls under the executive office of the President)2. National Security Advisor3. Communications Director -All of them help the President achieve political and policy goals and interact with the President on a day-to-day basis (he has chosen them,but must be approved by the Senate)-There is also the extended White House staff that consists of about 1,800 employees-Role of the cabinet-It is the head of major departments in the executive branch and a few other key officials that directs government policy and makes decisions about national issues-All heads meet with the President and give reports about their department -In cabinet meetings, ministers also present bills from their government departments-What affects presidential success?-Context: Presidential approval ratings; a divided or unified government-How the economy is doing, time can affect approval ratings-Skill: Pick the right battles and build coalitions; effectiveness at “going public”-Policy area: Domestic vs foreign policy;-“two presidencies” thesis—says that Presidents usually get more of what they want on foreign policy than domestic-Honeymoon period and rally effects--what are they?-Honeymoon period: first 100 days of office—President’s have high approval at first and try to get a lot done because of this because approval is likely to decrease later on-Rally effects: when a crisis occurs, Presidential approval goes up because people are coming together and rallying around the President; unified country (ex: 9/11 attacks)Bureaucracy-What are bureaucracies? Why do we need them?-They are large, complex organizations in which employees have very specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority; a part of the executive branch -departments, agencies, bureaus, offices, etc.-We need one because the system is too complex and large for executives themselves to oversee everything-How are bureaucracies structured?-In a hierarchy -Staff functions: the agency’s actual jobs-Line functions: all the things that keep the agency going-Units:1. Departments2. Independent agencies3. Government corporations -Differences between departments, independent agencies, and government corporations-Departments are the largest unit of the executive branch; head are Secretaries that form the President’s cabinet-Independent agencies are not a part of a cabinet department; but some are controlled by the White House (CIA) and others by regulatorycommissions (FCC)-Government corporations perform services that could be handled by aprivate sector, but Congress believes the public would be better served if they are linked to the government -What types of things do departments/agencies do?1. Regulate and implement -If no specific criteria, the bureaucracy gets a lot of power and control about how a bill is implemented or occurs (policy drift)2. Provide services3. Engage in research and development4. Procurement-Government purchases; they have to buy office supplies, machinery, etc. so it costs a lot of money-Systems of selecting administrators--patronage/spoils vs. civil service/merit-In the U.S., top administrators are chosen by the President-All others are chosen by civil services rules-Patronage/spoils system: bureaucracy staffed by political supporters ofthe executive-Civil service/merit: jobs in the bureaucracy are given on the basis of merit, and workers can’t be fired for political reasons-Administrative policymaking--know what administrative rules, administrativediscretion, and bureaucratic drift are and how Congress can try to reduce their occurrence-Administrative rules: more specific rules for implementing general policies-Administrative discretion: when to enforce policies and when to ignorethem-Bureaucratic drift: over time, rules, discretion, etc. can lead policy to shift-Legislators can reduce their occurrences by:1.