ANSC 210 Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 13 18 Lecture 13 April 8 Behavior and Training Olfactory communication Dogs Identify species and sex reproductive stages Can tell if spayed neutered what the animal has eaten etc Scents emitted by dogs and cats Urine Feces scent glands Cats Use scents to mark territory Have scents glands under chin at corners of mouth on side of forehead and between toes Transfers scent by rubbing face on object or person called bunting Ingestive behavior Eating and drinking Important to animal survival First demonstrated by suckling Taught by mother Dogs and cats eat a variety of foods grass eating is considered normal Coprophagy eating feces is not normal apply bitter substance to correct Elimination behavior Can train kittens and puppies beginning at 5 weeks of age Following waking eating and or drinking take to the elimination site Afterwards play is reward Agonistic behavior Fighting In the wild it was crucial for survival May be appropriate or inappropriate for the threat or challenge Behavioral Modification Training 4 types Positive means adding something to environment negative means taking away Positive reinforcement to increase behavior Negative reinforcement to increase behavior Negative punishment to decrease behavior Positive punishment to decrease behavior Examples Positive reinforcement to increase behavior Negative reinforcement take the wet door mat away Negative punishment I walk away from the tethered dog when it jumps up to greet me Positive punishment jerk the leash and yell at the dog when it pulls on the leash Dr Kay Stephens suggests substituting a desired behavior for an undesired one Behavior modification or training Behavior of pets is important Unacceptable behaviors is a major reason people surrender pets to animal shelters Training requires time and effort and sometimes money many pets do without Training A large part of pet training is owner education The barking dog or whining puppy gets attention reward Can be as simple as ignore or reward Leash training Is important Leashes keep dogs safe Can use a variety of collars and leaders Kay Stephens recommends a leader not one that encourages pulling Field collar good for holding dog tags Claw collar is good for training dogs with big ruffs depends on owner Gentle leader good for training all dogs Shock collar good for training dogs at a distance Cat collars should always have elastic or quick release buckle to prevent hanging Crate training Advantages Gives dogs a den of its own Feels secure even in thunder storms even if small children are pursuing Keeps dog contained Aids house breaking Disadvantages Purchase price Space needed Clicker training operant conditioning Clicker marks the behavior being shaped Positive and motivational type of training Can be used on wild and domestic animals even cats rabbits and fish Why a clicker and not your voice Clicker sound is unique and consistent Timed to precise time of behavior Click is always positive Disadvantage have to get and carry a clicker Once cue and behavior are learned don t need to click and reward Can be used to remove unwanted behaviors such as barking click for periods of quiet resting and ignore barking Agility training Common behavioral problems Hyperactivity Inappropriate elimination Aggression Xenophobia fear of new things Agoraphobia kennelosis fear of open spaces Coprophagy eating feces dogs eating cat feces Excessive barking Mounting Car chasing Separation anxiety examples Inappropriate elimination Excessive vocalization Destructive chewing and digging Trembling Excessive salivation Vomiting Diarrhea Behavioral problems Use a scientific approach Understand normal behavior Cause of unwanted behavior Develop strategy to change behavior Identify problem Determine history of the problem question the owner about eliciting behavior Recommend treatment solve or manage the problem may require an animal behaviorist Educate the owner about social structure of pets about normal behaviors Can exercise or distraction by other activity help Toys Add food biscuits easy cheese peanut butter kibble treats Lecture 14 April 13 Biomedical Research Students can do research As student workers As Independent Study 291 285 485 491 students Learn about ongoing research projects on faculty websites and research symposia Animal science departments wildlife and fisheries vet school biology psych History of animal biomedical research 200 AD Greek Claudius Galen learned that veins carry blood 1600 AD British William Harvey discovered that heart is a pump Nobel Prizes in Medicine In the 1900s 2 3 used animals in research Example 1923 discovery of insulin Others addressed heart disease cancer polio measles smallpox blood transfusion organ transplantation laser surgery Benefits human and animal medicine Benefits from animal research Since 1900 average life span in the USA has increased by 30 years Infant mortality 1935 5 5 of live births 2002 0 7 of live births Biomedical research using animals helps people is regulated by government is not well accepted by everyone Animals used in biomedical research are well treated and taken care of have veterinarian care and are expensive to buy and house Of the species listed the least common in biomedical research is dog mouse rat guinea pig Which of the following is true There are laws protecting animals used for research False use of animals is increasing every day there are no alternatives to using animals in research Past Nobel Prize awardees used animals to investigate organ transplant heart disease vaccine development The average person benefits from Vaccines 1954 Polio mouse monkeys 1968 Rubella Antibiotics 1945 Penicillin monkeys Surgery Pacemakers Imaging 2003 MRI clam dog Dogs in nutrition research Were critical to discovery of vitamins B C A and D Advantages over human studies Control Compliance Breadth of studies allowable growth In the USA in the year 2000 30 million non regulated not counted companion animals in research mice rats birds fish 1 million regulated companion animals rabbits guinea pigs hamsters dogs primates cats frogs 150 000 farm animals 150 000 other animals The number of regulated companion animals in research Has dropped by 50 in the last 30 years Due to high expense Due to alternative approaches The 3 R s are Reduce Refine Replace Dogs and cats comprise less than 1 of animals used in research Animals are used for Biomedical research Behavioral research Drug efficacy is that drug