BIO 151 1st Edition Lecture 40 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Kidney2. Generating gradients3. Muscle4. Regulating strengthOutline of Current Lecture 1. Nervous system2. How nerve signals are generated3. Signals of the nervous system4. How is a membrane potential produced?Current Lecture - 4/29/15Nervous system:- neurons - have a long extension (axon) which carries electrical signals to target- action potentials- dendrites to receive synapses from upstream stufHow nerve signals are generated:- sensory neurons- interneurons - signal more locally - motor neurons - outputs- diferent neurons can have diferent degrees of integration - dendrites, axons, and make synapses- axons carry information, whether or not to turn on output synapsesSignals of the nervous system:- electrical signals carried by ions (not electrons)- sensory potentials- channels depend on sensory mechanism - action potentials - all or none, propagate long distance- synaptic potentials - graded, local- resting potential- measure potential across membrane- change in potential- depolarization - make resting potential more negative- cross threshold - action potential- either have an action potential or don't- variable means you can have diferent amplitude of response- turning energy into something that can be perceived by motor signal- synaptic potential - where they are and how they're produced, release of neurotransmitterHow is membrane potential produced?:- artificial membranes - assembly of phospholipid bilayer- ionophores - made by bacteria, assembles into channelThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Nernst potential- high concentration of KCl on negative side- generate ion gradient across membrane in real cell- both net fluxes are equal and opposite- no net flux of
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