NRE 3201 1st Edition Final Exam Study GuideConservation Law EnforcementUniversity of Connecticut, Storrs, CTSpring 2015Final ExamDate: Thursday, May7, 2015Format:- Multiple Choice- Fill in the BlankWhat You Need to Know:- Standard of Proofo Must be met for evidence in a criminal prosecutiono Beyond a reasonable doubto Highest standardo For an arrest: probable causeo For an investigative detention: articulable suspicion- Evidenceo Physical Evidence: items of non-living origino Direct Evidence: establishes fact without further analysiso Circumstantial Evidence: requires further analysis and explanation to establish fact- Enforcement Strategieso Proactive Enforcemento Criminal Investigationso Accident Investigationso Public Outreach- Juvenileso CT: under the age of 18o Juvenile summons issued for criminal offenseso Infractions can be issued (exception of marijuana offense)- Search and Seizureo 4th amendment of U.S. Constitutiono Article 7 of CT constitution- Probable Causeo Facts and circumstance that would lead a reasonably intelligent/prudent person to believe that specific items are on a person or certain place/thingo Can also lead to intelligent/prudent person to believe that a person had committed a crime- Curtilage:o The area around a home into which home life extendso Proximity of area to the home itselfo Area within an enclosure surrounding the home (fence)o Nature of the use of the areao Steps taken to protect the area from observation- Exclusionary Rule:o Illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in court - Terry Searcho Quick search out outer clothingo Specifically for weaponso Must have reasonable belief that person is armedo “stop and frisk”o Goals: prevention of violent crime protection of officer- Fruits of the crime:o All property that is acquired through a criminal act- Open Fields Doctrine:o Expectation of privacy is less in unoccupied/undeveloped areas outside curtilage of homeo Even if posted against trespass- Warrantless Searches/Plain View Doctrineo Officers may conduct warrantless searches if: Evidence/contraband is immediately apparent Found in plain view during a LAWFUL observationo Three criteria must be met: Must have legal right to be there Evidence must be detected through normal senses Discovery must be by chance- Consent Searcho No warrant or probable cause neededo Must be freely/voluntarily given (no coercion)o Person does have the right to refuseo Person may revoke consent at any time- Maximum/Minimumfishsizeso Rating: Overall: REASONABLE Dockside: REASONABLE At-Sea Surface: REASONABLE At-Sea Air: IMPOSSIBLEo Definition: Possession of fish below or above a specified size, or outside a slot category, is prohibited. Advantages- Enforceable Disadvantages- Manpower = intensive- Difficult to monitor with significant quantities of catch- Bycatch Enforcement via % Landedo Rating: Overall: IMPRACTICAL Dockside: DIFFICULT At-Sea Surface: IMPRACTICAL At-Sea Air: IMPOSSIBLEo Definition: This enforcement measure aims to restrict bycatch of a particular species by imposing a percent bycatch landed limitation. Advantages- There are no advantages. Disadvantages- Difficult to enforce and even more difficult to prosecute.- Promotes the incentive to cheat by high-grading. Recommendations- Maintain same standards across jurisdictions.- Combine this with a regulation to restrict types of gear used in fishery.- Policies should be fluid enough to change with industry recommendations.- Segregating the bycatch would facilitate enforcement.- Role of Law Enforcemento Must work with resource managers closely to determine priorities- Know Subtle Poaching generally- Know Concept of Fair Chase- Negligent Hunting Statute- POST hiring requirements- Safe boating certification requirements- Use of Force:o Deadly forceo Less lethal forceo Serious physical injuryo Deadly weapon VERSUS Dangerous Instrument- Know North American Wildlife Model- Federal Laws- Trapping/Hunting requirements- Fishing requirements**Please note: this information is just an overview.****There are Powerpoints on the website that you can look over for more information.****Professor announced in class that the information on the test is simple; don’t overthink.****Have an awesome summer!**** Good luck!