GEOG 104 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lecture 1 Aquifer sediment or bedrock stratum that transmits water Aquiclude sediment or bedrock stratum that does not permit transmission of water gaining stream losing stream Where does the water in streams rivers come from run off of sprinklers start from lake Stream Discharge Area Length x Width cross sectional area Discharge Area x Velocity Q ft 3 sec A ft 2 xV ft sec Fluvial Entrainment transport deposition Entrainment process by which surface sediment is incorporated into fluid flow Transport process of moving sediment across an area Deposition process in which sediment drops out of transport because transporting agent loses energy Lecture 2 Radial Drainage picture of hill everything s coming out ex Mt St Helens These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Fold eroded less resistant form valleys Rills and Gullies White river Badlands South Dakota OR Death Valley Rills first thing occurring not fertile Water doesn t soak in it runs off Straight Streams Colorado OR Sioux City Iowa Straight because mountain range follow path of least resistance Iowa has most straight streams due to people buildings taking over Filled with concrete Channelized Straight stream is more efficient not common in nature Meandering Streams Fargo North Dakota Bad flooding dominated by silt clay designed to carry fine material always moving migrating cut each other off suspended load Braided Streams Himalayas Ganges River Weaving in and out mid channel bars bed load channels coarse material Point Bars and Cut Banks White river Badlands OR Sacramento Cali Does most when it s full of water cuts build when flooding needs to do work happens fast made up of silt and small particles OXBOW When a cut off occurs Oxbow Lakes Mississippi River Engineers working on it cut off meander scrolling in the middle curvature Bluffs Kansas River Sides of river valley Alluvial Terraces Jackson Lake Lakes trapped by glacial debris abandoned flood plain like stair steps channels cutting laterally going down Deltas Mississippi River Body of water deposit of material oil collects in salt domes sea level coming up and no drier shore land Knick Point Erosions Niagara Falls Waterfalls rock formation eroding back through time glaciers made holes sea level changed break in the stream trying to chew it away as it goes up maiden of the mist Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Exotic Stream represent environment from which they originated Water in Arid Landscapes Evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation DOES rain Rain short lived intense Fluvial erosion dominate erosive force in arid environments not wind Mainly running water shapes arid regions Flash floods common Intermittent or ephemeral streams Rain snow melt Arroyos Exotic Stream ex Rectangular flat bottom Nile River Badlands Colorado River Lecture 5 Landforms made by waves Lower sea level during LGM last glacier mass ex Florida Beringia Joining of two continents creating a passage aka Bering Land Bridge Tidal Bulge strong tide from pulling sun and moon Spring tides vs Neap tides Water comes in tide increases and leaves you get the opposite effect Wave Cut Abrasion platforms created during higher sea levels Elevated ancient abrasion platforms marine terrace Wave Refraction waves are big but then begin to condense Pocket Beach what becomes when waves refract ONLY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW STUDY Alpine Glaciers and Glacial Mass Balance crucial to the survival of a glacier is its mass balance or surface mass balance the different between accumulation and ablation Climate change may cause variations in both temperature and snowfall causing changes in mass balance Alpine glaciers are mountain glaciers Ice Cap a covering of ice over a large area especially on the polar region of a planet Tidewater Glacier glacier that descends to the sea and usually breaks off into icebergs Piedmont Glacier formed by convergence of the ends of valley glaciers at the base of mountains Abrasion the process of scraping or wearing away Cirque a half open steep sided hollow at the head of a valley or on a mountainside formed by glacial erosion Ar te a sharp mountain ridge Horn hard permanent outgrowth often curved and pointed Tarn Mountain Lake or pool formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier Paternoster Lakes form due to differential glacial erosion of more and less resistant bedrock layers one of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system U Shaped Valley formed through glacial erosion processes of plucking and abrasion results in large rocky material Trim Lines having lines edges or forms of neat and pleasing simplicity Hanging Valley tributary valley entering a main valley at a much higher level Fjords long narrow deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley Sandur sediment deposited by streams flowing away from a letting glacier Terminal Moraines end moraine that forms at the snout of a glacier marking its maximum advance Recessional Moraines small ridges left as a glacier pauses during its retreat left by a glacier during a temporary halt in the retreat of the ice Medial Moraines ridge of moraine that runs down the center of a valley floor forms when two glaciers meet and the debris on the edge Kettles shallow sediment filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters