PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 37 Outline of Last Lecture I Social Psychology II Explaining Behavior Outline of Current Lecture I Social Psychology II Attribution Processes III Conformity and Obedience IV Behavior in Groups Current Lecture I II Social psychology a Systematic empiricism approach to understanding i Involves collecting data and making observations clear design ii Social psychologists often look for ways that out perceptions of reality are socially constructed b Six categories of social psychology i Close relationships what makes people like each other ii Person perception expectations of others iii Conformity and obedience doing what others want iv Behavior in groups what we do in groups v Attribution processes how we explain others behaviors vi Attitudes feelings about others Attribution Processes a Explaining behaviors and events b Judgement about the cause of a behavior event c Irrational attribution processes i Actor observer bias we tend to attribute our own negative behaviors to situational causes while seeing others acts as due to their inner characteristics These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Fundamental attribution error tendency to infer someone s personal characteristics from observed behaviors even when unjustified because of other causes that exist 1 people are what they do iii Self serving bias tendency to attribute successes to internal causes while attributing failures to situational factors 1 Ex promotion a No promotion unfair system bad boss b Promotion worked hard I am brilliant iv Defensive attribution tendency to blame victim for their misfortune 1 Due to a hesitancy to accept that bad things could happen to us even if we do not deserve it d What happens when we realize we re wrong i Often times our biases our automatic and our attributions are incorrect ii Cognitive dissonance theory we act to reduce the discomfort dissonance we feel when two of our thoughts cognitions are inconsistent III e How do we reduce dissonance i We usually change our cognitions thoughts 1 Easier than changing behavior Conformity and Obedience a Conformity convergence of individuals thoughts feelings or behavior toward a social norm i Ex saggy pants hair trends social media etc b In conformity people yield to real or imagined social pressure c Solomon Asch i Developed experiment to test conformity ii Determining factors group size and unanimity d Obedience form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands e Started to be studied because of atrocities in history such as the Holocaust f Stanley Milgram IV i Shock experiment had a participant come into lab and had another participant actor on the other side of the wall and had the actual participant give shocks to the participant on the other side ii Tested peoples obedience to authority g What increases obedience i Legitimacy of authority figure ii Proximity of victim 1 Shock experiment example only 40 obeyed when in the same room as victim iii Proximity of authority 1 Shock experiment example 20 obeyed when orders given by telephone Behavior in Groups a Group attitudes can sometimes over ride individual attitudes b Deindividuation creates a sense of anonymity i We do think things we wouldn t normally do if alone ii Lose self awareness in groups c Consequence of group behavior i Bystander effect more people less help 1 Observed with theft accidents personal injuries other crimes bullying sexual assault teasing abuse ii
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