Can you live without plastics A Yes people used to live without plastics B No plastics is every where and is in everything C Why what is wrong with plastics D I never thought about this before Environmental fate of organic pollutants 3 10 textbook and lecture notes 1 2 3 4 World s Oceans Face Problem of Plastic Pollution PCB was found in black crowned nightherons near Lake Calumet Illinois Organic chemical pollutants A new chemical is to be manufactured Will its manufacture or use pose significant environmental risks If there are risks what are the exposure pathways Will the chemical degrade if it is released into the environment or will it persist http www news uiuc edu WebsandThumbs Levengood J Multiple b jpg 5 6 1 Estimated number of hazardous waste sites and cleanup costs for 2004 2033 What will happen when a chemical is released to the environment Total Cost 209 Billion NPL 32B RCRA CA 45B State Private 30B UST 16B DOD 33B DOE 35B Civilian Agencies 19B Total Sites 294 000 NPL RCRA CA 3800 736 UST 125 000 7 DOD 6400 EPA Superfund NPL RCRA Corrective Action DOE and DOD have sites that are usually larger and more complex Common contaminants solvents and nonionic organic chemicals metals and petroleum products State Private 150 000 8 DOE 5000 Civilian Agencies 3000 Cleaning up the Nation s Waste Sites EPA 2004 Scenario 1 I wanted to save money so I decided to change oil for my car myself instead of taking it to the mechanic After draining the old oil out in a container I had no idea what to do with it I just left the oil out in the container open to the air somewhere in my garage What may happen Vapor pressure A Nothing happen B Oil evaporates the whole garage smells C Oil boils D I got a big fine from the state EPA E I got a bad headache 9 10 Vapor pressure Saturated vapor pressure is defined as that partial pressure of the gas phase of a substance that exists in equilibrium with the liquid phase of the pure substance at a given temperature For example vapor pressure of oil is 0 25 atm at 25 C For liquid oil in a container at equilibrium the partial pressure of oil in the surrounding area is 0 25 atm 11 12 2 Will the oil evaporate Given vapor pressure of oil is 0 25 atm at 25 C What is partial pressure of the oil initially After 1 week it smelled so bad I wanted to know whether the oil will continue to evaporate I take an air sample and found out that the partial pressure of the oil in my garage is below vapor pressure 0 25 atm Will the oil continue to evaporate 13 14 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AMONG ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA EPIWin software 15 16 The chemical 1 4 dichlorobezene 1 4 DCB is used in an enclosed area At 20 C the saturated vapor pressure of DCB is 5 3 10 4 atm What would be the concentration of DCB in the air of the enclosed area in units g m3 at 20 C Molecular weight of DCB is 147 g mole R 0 08205Latm moleK Identify the key words and key information 17 18 3 As temperature increases vapor pressure increases The vapor pressure of a chemical is directly proportional to the inverse of the chemicals boiling point Tenv Tb compound is in gas phase and immediate air pollution is likely Tm Tenv Tb compound is in liquid phase and immediate water pollution is likely Atmospheric concentration of volatile substances is higher in winter A True B Fall 19 20 Persistent Organic Pollutants POP Atmospheric concentration of volatile substances is higher in day time A True B Fall Degrade very slowly PERSISTENT Cause toxic effects on animal reproduction development and immunological function Examples PCB DDT dioxin Persistent Organic Pollutants ABC Landline 21 Why Persistent Organic Pollutant POP migrate to the arctic Artic wildlife and human is unfairly burden by POP What sustainable solution for chemical use 23 do you propose 22 The chemical 1 4 dichlorobenzene 1 4 DCB is sometimes used as a dis infectant in public lavatories An alternative disinfectant is 1bromo 4 chlorobenzene l 4 CB The boiling point of l 4 CB is 196 C whereas the boiling point of l 4 DCB is 180 C Which compound would cause the highest concentrations in the air in lavatories Explain your answer A 1 4 DCB B 1 4 CB IDENTIFY THE KEYWORDS AND KEY INFORMATION 24 4 1 L of solvent PCE is spilled on a laboratory floor The lab has volume 340 m3 and the temperature is 25 C The vapor pressure of PCE is 0 025 atm the liquid density of PCE is 1 62 g cm3 the MW is 166 g mole Gas constant R 0 082 L atm mole K What fraction of spilled PCE is in the air phase IDENTIFY THE KEYWORDS AND KEY INFORMATION WHAT DO YOU NEED TO CALCULATE 25 26 27 28 Scenario 2 There were too much weeds in my garden I was tired of pulling them I bought a herbicide atrazine from the store to kill weed I did not finish the amount of herbicide I know I was not supposed to put it in the garbage so I poured the leftover into a creek behind my house What may happen to the herbicide atrazine 29 A It dissolved in water B It evaporated C It stick to the sediment suspended in the creek water D I killed some fish 30 E All of the above 5 What controls the amount of herbicide atrazine in water Properties that effect distribution of chemicals Water solubility Sw is the maximum theoretical concentration of a chemical in water In practice maximum concentration of a chemical 10 theoretical water solubility 31 What controls the amount of atrazine in the air EPIwin for atrazine 33 Properties that effect distribution of chemicals 32 34 What do Pair and Cw in the equation for KH mean Henry s law constant KH Note that for organic chemicals in many database KH Pair atm m3 mol Cw This is invert of what has been used for CO2 and O2 35 36 6 EPIwin for atrazine KH P DCB air atm m3 mol C DCB w How to convert P DCB air in atm to C DCB w mol m3 n P DCB air V P air n V DCB RT air RT 1atm n V P DCB air P DCB air moleDCB air 1atm P air n V RT moleair DCB 1 mole air 0 0224m3air P DCB air moleDCB 1 mole air moleDCB DCB Cair mole m3 1atm moleair 0 0224m3air m3air 37 38 39 40 WHEN WILL A CHEMICAL MOVE FROM WATER TO AIR A When the measured concentration in water is LESS than equilibrium concentration in water B When the measured concentration in water is MORE than equilibrium concentration in water C When the measured concentration in water is EQUAL TO equilibrium concentration …