Speech ErrorsWhat is a speech error?A deviation from the apparently intended form of an utterance.When do you hear the most errors?TiredAnxiousDistractedDrunk“Spoonerisms” Dr. William SpoonerInfamous error producer!“you have hissed my mystery lectures”“Give three cheers for our queer old dean”Sigmund Freud’s TheoryFreudian SlipsErrors revealed the workings of the unconscious mind. (repressed thoughts, wishes, beliefs)Speech errors are reveling, just maybe not in the way Freud had suggested!Errors help us see how we use language and its componentsLooking at how things break down is a way to tell us about how language functions normally.Patterns of errors will help us formulate and critique theories of how we produce and use language.OutlineModel of Speech ProductionSyntactic PlanningSemantic/Lexical ProductionPhonological ProductionWhat can Speech Errors Tell Us?“a weekend for maniacs”  “a maniac for weekends”Original sentence stress maintainedPlural morpheme stayed in the original position, but produced as /z/ not /s/. Accommodation to phonological environment.Is there a model that explains this?Garrett’s Model of Speech Produc4onGarrett’s ModelWe produce speech through a series of five discrete levels of processing.Processing is serial.Message Level) We start with intention to say something particularFunctional level) take abstract semantic information and specify functional relations mapped onto syntactic functionsPositional Level) Syntactic planning frameSound Level) information translated into phonological featuresArticulation)Message Level) Something about someone doing washing-upFunctional level) Subject= mother conceptVerb= wipe conceptObject = plate conceptTime = pastNumber of Objects = manyPositional Level) Syntactic planning frame ((determiner)N V(+past) (determiner) N2(+plural)Sound Level) /the/ /mother/ /wiped/ /the/ /platesEvidence“a weekend for maniacs”  “a maniac for weekends”1. The word root was accessed independent of plural affix. (the bound morpheme in original place).= Produced at different processing stages2. Plurals were produced correctly for the spoken word, not intended word= phonological encoding must happen later3. The sentence stress pattern was unchanged= Must have been specified independent of the wordsImplications From ModelWe specify a syntactic frame with slots, and we insert content words into them.Changes can only occur if they happen at the same processing level.Content words must always exchange with content words, function words with function wordsWords tend to be from the same semantic classLimitations of the ModelIs speech production really serial?Production needs to be parallel to produce errors such as blends“its difficult to valify” (validate and verify)Cognitive intrusion errors: non-planned errors that sound alike I’m making some teaI’m putting the kettle on I’m making the kettle onNames/objects from outside environment infiltrate our speech! “get out of the Clark (car)”.Context: Speaker was looking at a shop front called Clark’sCSD 3117 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Models of Comprehensiona. Propositional Network Modelsb. Evaluation of Propositional Network ModelsII. Story Grammarsa. Evaluation of Story GrammarsIII. Kintsch’s Construction—Integration ModelIV. What Makes you good at comprehension?a. How can you Improve Reading Comprehension?Outline of Current Lecture V. Language Production: Speech Errorsa. What are Speech errorsVI. Model of Speech Productiona. Garret’s Modeli. Evidenceii. Implicationsiii. Limitations Speech Errors- What is a speech error?o A deviation from the apparently intended form of an utterance.- When do you hear the most errors? o TiredThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Anxiouso Distracted o Drunk- “Spoonerisms” Dr. William Spoonero Infamous error producer! “you have hissed my mystery lectures” “Give three cheers for our queer old dean”- Sigmund Freud’s Theory o Freudian Slipso Errors revealed the workings of the unconscious mind. (repressed thoughts, wishes, beliefs)- Speech errors are reveling, just maybe not in the way Freud had suggested!- Errors help us see how we use language and its componentso Looking at how things break down is a way to tell us about how language functions normally.- Patterns of errors will help us formulate and critique theories of how we produce and use language.  Outline- Model of Speech Production - Syntactic Planning - Semantic/Lexical Production - Phonological Production  What can Speech Errors Tell Us?- “a weekend for maniacs”  “a maniac for weekends” o Original sentence stress maintainedo Plural morpheme stayed in the original position, but produced as /z/ not /s/. Accommodation to phonological environment.- Is there a model that explains this?- Garrett’s Model of Speech Produc4on  Garrett’s Model- We produce speech through a series of five discrete levels of processing.- Processing is serial.- Message Level) We start with intention to say something particular- Functional level) take abstract semantic information and specify functional relations mapped onto syntactic functions- Positional Level) Syntactic planning frame- Sound Level) information translated into phonological features- Articulation)- Message Level) Something about someone doing washing-up- Functional level) Subject= mother concept o Verb= wipe concepto Object = plate concepto Time = pasto Number of Objects = many- Positional Level) Syntactic planning frame ((determiner)N V(+past) (determiner) N2(+plural)- Sound Level) /the/ /mother/ /wiped/ /the/ /plates  Evidence- “a weekend for maniacs”  “a maniac for weekends”o 1. The word root was accessed independent of plural affix. (the bound morpheme in original place).  = Produced at different processing stageso 2. Plurals were produced correctly for the spoken word, not intended word = phonological encoding must happen latero 3. The sentence stress pattern was unchanged = Must have been specified independent of the words  Implications From Model- We specify a syntactic frame