DOC PREVIEW
UI CSD 3117 - Comrehension p2
Type Lecture Note
Pages 4

This preview shows page 1 out of 4 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 4 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 4 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Comprehension ModelsNeed to go beyond explaining the basic building blocks of a discourse.Requirements for a good modelDoes it explainMemory dataInferences/AnaphoraModels of ComprehensionPropositional Network Models & Schema Based ModelsStory GrammarsKintsch’s Construction-Integration ModelPropositional Network ModelsProposition = smallest unit of meaning that has predicate and an argument.Has truth value“the witch cackles”Meaning represented by networks (nodes = connections are relationships between meaning of words.“Debby donated a big amount of money to Greenpeace, an organization which protects the environment"Evaluation of Propositional NetworkModelsRequirements for a good modelDoes it explainMemory dataInferences/AnaphoraThey show how information can be connected BUT do not explain how we use inferences or anaphora.Story GrammarsStories have an underlying structure to them.Story Grammar models state we can draw out the structure of narrative according to basic unitsStory Melvin the Skinny MouseOnce upon a time there was a skinny little mouse named Melvin who lived in a big red barn. One day, Melvin found a box of rice crispies underneath a stack of hay. Then he saw a small hole in the side of the box. Melvin knew how good the cereal tasted and wanted to eat just a little bit of the cereal. He decided to get some sugar first so that he could sweeten his cereal. Then Melvin slipped through the hole in the box and quickly filled his cereal bowl. Soon Melvin had eaten every bit of the rice crispies and had become very fat. Melvin know that he had eaten too much and felt very sad.Evaluation of Story GrammarsRequirements for a good modelDoes it explainMemory dataInferences/AnaphoraProblemsLack of agreements on what set elements and rules are needed.Need context to understand stories.The Story Grammar Model does not account for how we produce or understand stories. = No longer a leading theoryKintsch’s Construction-Integration ModelKintsch (1988)Explains how we represent information in memory AND integrate it into general knowledge!Information represented at 4 levels)Microstructure (network of connecting propositions)Local structure (sentence-by-sentence information + info from memory) Macrostructure (hierarchically ordered propositions)Situation model (represents the actual text + results of inference)Processed cyclically in 2 phasesAccounts for Linguistic input + listeners knowledgeInitial processing is bottom up (from signal itselftiIntegration phase Information forms coherent structureText is integrated with other information to form a whole situation.Evaluation of ModelRequirements for a good modelDoes it explainMemory dataInferences/AnaphoraMemory The location of information on a levels reflects its importance. The higher the proposition the more likely it is to be recalled (Kintsch& Van Dijk, 1978)Inferences: Inferences are confused with original as propositions and inferences and stored together.Competency: People with prior experiences have better memory of the text (improves the situational model) (Kintsch et al, ti990tiWhat makes you good at comprehension?Able to draw more inferences from a text/conversationMore able to integrate meaning across utterancesLess mind wanderingPrior knowledgeSuppress irrelevant Information (lessening activationtiWhat causes a decrease in this?Reduced short term/working memory spanHow Can You Improve Reading Comprehension?PQ4RP Q R RRRPreviewQuestionReadReflectReciteReviewCSD 3117 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. What Factors Impact Comprehension & Memory?a. The Structure of a Sentenceb. How much we Know Alreadyc. How Important It isd. Our prior knowledgee. The role of InferencesOutline of Current Lecture II. Models of Comprehensiona. Propositional Network Modelsb. Evaluation of Propositional Network ModelsIII. Story Grammarsa. Evaluation of Story GrammarsIV. Kintsch’s Construction—Integration ModelV. What Makes you good at comprehension?a. How can you Improve Reading Comprehension? Comprehension Models- Need to go beyond explaining the basic building blocks of a discourse.- Requirements for a good model o Does it explain Memory data Inferences/AnaphoraThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Models of Comprehension- Propositional Network Models & Schema Based Models- Story Grammars- Kintsch’s Construction-Integration Model Propositional Network Models- Proposition = smallest unit of meaning that has predicate and an argument.o Has truth value “the witch cackles”- Meaning represented by networks (nodes = connections are relationships between meaning of words.o “Debby donated a big amount of money to Greenpeace, an organization which protects the environment" Evaluation of Propositional NetworkModels- Requirements for a good model o Does it explain Memory data Inferences/Anaphora- They show how information can be connected BUT do not explain how we use inferences or anaphora. 5 Story Grammars- Stories have an underlying structure to them.- Story Grammar models state we can draw out the structure of narrative according to basic units 5Story Melvin the Skinny Mouse Once upon a time there was a skinny little mouse named Melvin who lived in a big red barn. One day, Melvin found a box of rice crispies underneath a stack of hay. Then he saw a small hole in the side of the box. Melvin knew how good the cereal tasted and wanted to eat just a little bit of the cereal. He decided to get some sugar first so that he could sweeten his cereal. Then Melvin slipped through the hole in the box and quickly filled his cereal bowl. Soon Melvin had eaten every bit of the rice crispies and had become very fat. Melvin know that he had eaten too much and felt very sad. 5 Evaluation of Story Grammars- Requirements for a good model o Does it explain Memory data Inferences/Anaphora- Problemso Lack of agreements on what set elements and rules are needed.o Need context to understand stories.o The Story Grammar Model does not account for how we produce or understand stories. = No longer a leading theory Kintsch’s Construction-Integration Model- Kintsch (1988)o Explains how we represent information in memory AND integrate it into general knowledge!- Information represented at 4


View Full Document

UI CSD 3117 - Comrehension p2

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 4
Download Comrehension p2
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Comrehension p2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Comrehension p2 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?