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NDSU CHEM 122 - Batteries
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CHEM 122 11th Edition Lecture 38 Outline of Last LectureI. Electrode PotentialsII. Free Energy from Electrochemical cellsa. Spontaneityb. Concentration and cell potentialOutline of Current Lecture I. Concentration CellII. Commercial Batteriesa. Dry Cellb. Rechargeable Batteriesc. Car BatteryCurrent LectureConcentration Cell: a cell composed of similar components in the anode and cathode, but with different concentrations.- Use the Nerst equation, but instead of a Q or K given, you are given the concentrations that you use to find K or Q.- Since it’s a concentration cell standard E is 0.Commercial Batteries: Common Dry Cell, or also known as the flash light battery- Zinc-Carbon Battery: patented in 1866 by Leclanche.o Anode is a zinc cup surrounded by a moist paste made of MnO2, ZnCl2, NH4Cl and carbon. The cathode is at the bottom sticking out and is a carbon rod.o The voltage is initially about 1.5 V but cell voltage decreases as current is drawn off the batter and decreases as temperature is reduced.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Alkaline Dry Cell:o Same make up of the Zinc-Carbon Battery except KOH replaced the NH4Cl o Longer Lasting than the Leclanche Cell and doesn’t need to be at certain conditions. But it does cost more.- Rechargeable Batteries: reversed process of Dry Cell Batteries.o Nickel-Cadmium Battery: Anode is cadmium and the cathode is NiO2 and Ni(OH)2 These reactions can be reverse by applying electrical energy because the products of the reaction are solids and adhere to the electrodes. They are the most efficient batteries made but because they are made of Cadmium they are extremely toxic to the environment.o Car Battery: Cathode is PbO2 packed in a grid of lead metal The anode is spongy med packed in a grid of lead metal. Both are in a 38% solution of H2SO4 The voltage is 2.041 but there are 6 cells connected making your car battery a 12-volt battery.  The lead storage battery dies when too much solid (Pb, PbO2, PbSO4) accumulates in the bottom of the cell.o Electrolytic Cell: use electrical energy to force a reaction to proceed. Reaction goes in the opposite


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NDSU CHEM 122 - Batteries

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