SWES 210 1st Edition Lecture 30Outline of Last Lecture II. Solar technologiesa. PV cellsb. How a PV cell worksIII. Germany goes solarIV. Promoting global instillationV. Concentrated solar power techniquesVI. Geothermal energyOutline of Current Lecture VII. Wind energya. Denmarkb. States/regions with highest wind capacityc. Challeges/hurdles to be crossedVIII. Hydrogen fuel cellsa. Costs and benefitsCurrent Lecture- Wind energyo Can tap into winds at higher altitudes- can be 22 stories tall- blades as long as a 7 story building. Standard height 80-100 meters Less turbulent winds found at higher altitudeso Electricity produced form wind farms can be fed into electrical grids. Wind= denmark- Denmark is the country that gets the greatest percentage of its electricity from wind power (29%)o 30% of denmarks electricity consumption was covered by wind energyo Danish govt. aims to get 50% of its electricity form wind by 2020 and 100% from renewable energy by 2050o In first half of 2014, 41.2% of Denmark’s electricity came from windo CHP= combined heat and power- Global wind capacity is increasing- up to .282 TW in 2012o At 2013, bar on graph is at 318.1 GW- Which states or regions have high potential for commercial wind power?o Middle of country- Challenges/ hurdles to be crossdo Location may be remove, requiring updating electrical grids and transmission systems. Reauires up from investmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Winds die down, need a backup source of electricityo If grid is large enough perhaps can handle fluctuations?o Store the wind energy for later use Charge electric car betteries at night to run in the day Run electricity through water to generate hydrogen fuel Pup pressurized air deep underground into aquifers, caverns, abandoned naturalgas wells. Draw on it to spin turbines when the wind is not available- Hydrogen fuels calls: a hydrogen economyo A hydrogen economy would provide a clean, safe, and efficient energy system by using the worlds simplest and most abundant element (hydrogen) as fuelo car manufacturers are working prototypes and Hyundai is offering a 3 year leas on a hydrogen power Tucson fuel cell car for $499/month- fuel includedo how it works hydrogen molecules are stripped of electrons at the negative electrode, leaving hydrogen ions (protons, H+) the protons traverse the membrane the electrons move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, creating a current and generating electricity water is formed when oxygen combines with the protons and electrons that flow from the positive electrode- hydrogen and fuel cells have costs and benefitso infrastructure developmento hydrogen is pletiful but not as pure as H2 from other compounds like water or methaneo if kept under pressure, it is no more dangerous than gasoline in tankso cells are energy efficiento fuel cells are silent and nonpolluting and wont need to be rechargedo 13 hydrogen fuels service stations in the US (11 in CA)o California is streamlining the permitting process to expand infrastructure Assembly Bill 8 (AB8) which passed through california legislature in sept 2013, will fund at least 100 publicly available hydrogen fueling stations over several years The bill commits $20 million a year to filling station construction until January 1,